Ch. 6 Notes Atoms and Elements

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Ch. 6 NotesAtoms and Elements

• Headings YELLOW
• Vocabulary GREEN
• Important Stuff PINK

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Atomic
Atomic Mass

• The number of protons
• Determines the type of element
• Can only be changed with extremely high energy

• The total number of protons and neutrons
• P N mass OF THE ATOM

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Isotopes

• Atoms of the same element with a DIFFERENT OF
  NEUTRONS!
• The protons and electrons havent changed

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Electrons

• Neutral atoms
• P E
• Electrons are constantly moving
• They move in an electron cloud
• Electron cloud the entire space that electrons
  occupy
• The electron cloud is subdivided into smaller
  regions CALLED ORBITALS
• Bohr Models are used to show the location of
  electrons in the atom

Bohr Model
2e-
8e-
Up to 18e-
Up to 32e-
Draw this in your notes!
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Atoms

• Building Blocks of ALL Matter (ATOMS)!
• IF YOU TRY TO BREAK IT APART YOU NO LONGER HAVE A
  RECOGNIZABLE SUBSTANCE, INSTEAD YOU GET
• SUBATOMIC PARTICLES IN THE ATOM
• Protons POSITIVE CHARGE IN NUCLEUS
• Neutrons NO CHARGE IN NUCLEUS
• Electrons NEGATIVE CHARGE IN ELECTRON CLOUD
  SURROUNDING THE NUCLEUS

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Subatomic Particle FACTS

• Have mass
• Protons and neutron have about the same mass
• Electrons have MUCH less mass.
• Most of the atom is empty space
• What is the overall charge of the nucleus?

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John Dalton

• Came up with the ATOMIC THEORY
• Elements made of atoms
• All atoms for one element are the same
• Atoms of different element are different
• Compounds formed when atoms combine

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The atom model

• Has changed over time
• Dalton-thought atoms were tiny hard spheres.
• Thompson-discovered the electron
• Rutherford-added the nucleus to the model
• Bohr-electrons move in a fixed orbit around the
  nucleus
• Schrodinger-electron cloud

Create a timeline illustrate each inventors
contribution to the model to show how it has
changed over time!
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Carbon Isotopes
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C
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C
C
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Isotope Notation
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Periodic Table

• List all known elements
• All periodic tables are a little different
• Can tell us the mass, of p, n, e, state of
  matter, symbol, of outer electrons
• Groups some elements act like other elements
  they were placed in groups