Chapter 16 Section 4

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Chapter 16Section 4

• The Spanish and
• Dutch Empires

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Chapter Review

• People could make by sharing in other
  businesses through what kind of companies?
• Mercantilism states that a countrys government
  should do they could to increase their countrys
  ______
• The government would show its support of domestic
  industry by providing subsidies which are what?
• Why did Colonization appealed to Europeans?
• Ptolemy stated the universe was geocentric _____
  ________
• heliocentric is where the universe is centered
  around the ___

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Spains Colonial Empire

• IN 1513, Ponce de Leon sailed from the Caribbean
  north to Florida
• A later voyage to Florida in 1528 was shipwrecked
  and survivors made their way through Mexico and
  the Southwest U.S.
• Other Spanish explorers went to the Yucatan
  Peninsula
• In 1519, with 15 ships and 600 men, Hernan Cortes
  defeated Montezuma, destroyed the city of
  Tenochtitlan and built Mexico City on top of it.
• Spain defeated the Aztecs by attacking them
  using guns and horses

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Hernan Cortes
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Continued.

• In 1530 Francisco Pizarro led 180 men and 37
  horses from the Isthmus of Panama to the capital
  of the Inca Empire (now Peru)
• In 1533 he claimed the land from Ecuador to Chile
  for Spain
• Cortes and Pizarro destroyed many Aztec and Incan
  temples and artifacts and got rich off of the
  gold and silver they pillaged
• In time Spain controlled the West Indies,
  southern and western North America, Central
  America and much of South America setting up
  colonies in all locations

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Francisco Pizarro
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Colonial Government and Society

• Spain directed the colonial gov. Officials called
  viceroys represented the monarchy and reported to
  the Council of the Indies in Spain
• The council planned and directed the empires
  growth on behalf of Spain
• The colonies produced great wealth for Spain.
  Spains main asset in the Americas was
  minerals
• In exchange Spanish colonists gave Native
  Americans smallpox, typhus and measles, killing
  countless numbers of people
• Because they were all dying and the Spaniards
  still needed workers for the mines, they started
  importing slaves from Africa

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Spains Colonial Rivals

• The French, Dutch and English envied Spains
  wealth and began trading in Spains American
  ports, their monarchs encouraged pirates to
  attack Spanish ships and raid their towns
• Ignoring Pope Alexanders line, Spanish rivals
  also tried to establish colonies in the Americas

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Charles V

• Back in Spain kings were expanding their power
  too.
• King Charles V took the throne in 1516 and three
  years later he was elected Holy Roman Emperor
• Charles realized that the Spanish and Holy Roman
  Empires had become too large for one man to rule.
• In 1556 he gave up his throne and divided the
  vast lands among his family
• Charles son Philip II received Spain and its
  possessions

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Charles V
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Philip II

• Philip II was a dedicated monarch whose goal was
  to strengthen Spains hold as Europes leading
  power
• Philip ruled as an absolute monarch
• He also considered himself the leader of the
  Counter-Reformation and ordered the Spanish
  Inquisition to eliminate heresy
• Philip involved Spain in many wars that were so
  costly the country fell into financial turmoil.
• He did manage to defeat the Ottoman Empire in the
  Mediterranean

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The Spanish Inquisition
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The Rise of the Dutch

• Philip IIs most costly policies were those
  toward the Netherlands
• Philip had inherited the Netherlands and treated
  them harshly because of the popularity of
  Calvinism
• He insisted that he, not the nobles, ruled the
  land. He heavily taxed Dutch trade to pay for
  Spanish wars and he persecuted the Calvinists
• These actions turned distrust of Philip to
  outright rebellion
• In 1568 William of Orange led a revolt against
  Philip. Orange used guerrilla warfare tactics to
  keep the Spanish army confused
• In 1579 the northern provinces declared their
  independence and in 1648 Philip II lost the
  northern provinces in the Netherlands

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William of Orange
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Dutch Society

• The Dutch built efficient ships and were expert
  sailors enabling them to rule European commerce
  through the 1600s
• The Dutch, although mostly Calvinists, were
  tolerant of most religions
• In 1602 the Dutch East India Company was founded
  and had total control over trade between the
  Netherlands and the East Indies
• The first Dutch overseas colony was Java in 1619.
  From there they expanded to Sumatra and the Spice
  islands
• Because the Dutch did not come as missionaries,
  Japan let them set up a trading center in
  Nagasaki.
• In 1626 they purchased Manhattan island and
  renamed it New Amsterdam. The Dutch never tried
  to convert people to their way of thinking. The
  focused on business and trade

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The Spanish Empire Declines

• Many factors led to the decline of the Spanish
  Empire
• One reason for Spains decline was lack of
  industry
• Also Spain had virtually no middle class after
  all the Jews and Moors from the country. This
  weakened Spains economy and drained talent and
  capability from the country
• Much of the empires wealth simply passed through
  Spain and was used to but goods from other
  countries making France, England and the
  Netherlands strong
• Finally, Spanish people became discontented with
  high taxes and inflation, so they began to
  emigrate from Spain

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Review

• How did Spain defeated the Aztecs?
• What was Spains main asset in the Americas?
• What type of monarch was Philip?
• Who lost the northern provinces in the
  Netherlands?
• What was the One reason for Spains decline that
  was in brackets?

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Check out these trees. Nope they are not
digitally altered. You can find them at Bonfante
Gardens in California. The man who invented this
tree art took their genetic secret to his grave
with him.
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