Title: European Exploration of the
1European Exploration of the New World
- Who, What, When, Where, and
- WHY?
2Trade with the East
- Europe had been trading with Asia for hundreds of
years - This process took goods through the hands of many
MIDDLEMEN, which causes the price to increase - Europeans decided to try to reach the East by
boat instead
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4Confused Columbus
- Christopher Columbus thought that he could reach
the East by sailing west (since world was
round) - King and queen of Spain sponsored his expedition
in 1492 - Landed in Bahamas (San Salvador and Hispaniola),
but thought he was in India (hence Indians) - Described Americas as the New World
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6Other Explorers
- John Cabot, sailing for English, discovered
Newfoundland (Canada)
7Vasco de Gama sailed around Africa to India
(water route to Asia!)
8- Ferdinand Magellan sailed west to Asia in 1522
(his ships circumnavigated the earth, but he died)
9- Sailors searched for a northwest passage- a
water route through North America to Asia
10Spanish Exploration
11Famous Explorers
- Hernando Cortes
- Landed in Mexico
- Conquered the Aztec and became rich off of their
gold and silver - Hernando de Soto
- Marched through GA searching for gold (found
none) - Killed off many of the Native Americans through
fighting and disease
12Spanish Missionaries
- Oldest city in United States St. Augustine,
Florida - Founded by Spanish missionaries
- Spain founded many missions on the sea islands of
GA (first European settlers in GA)
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14Rivalry
- Spain became rich off of gold and silver from its
colonies in Central and South America - Other European countries began to compete with
Spain for these resources - Rivalry eventually led Spain to attack England
with its Armada
15- Spanish Armada was defeated by the English
- England became the unofficial king of the seas,
known for its ships and sailors
16Settlement
- Spanish and French settlements in Central and
South America were not at first meant to be
permanent - Men came to work in Americas, left families in
Europe - Many marry native women
- Use slave labor to grow/harvest/mine resources to
send back to motherland
17Labor sources
- Paying Europeans wasnt cost effective
- Found labor in the form of slavery
- Native American slaves died from disease or ran
away - African slaves lived longer
- Indentured servants- another source of labor in
English settlements
18English settlement
- English made 12 colonies along east coast of
North America - Colonists came for many reasons religious
freedom, get rich, own land - Englands aim mercantilism
- export more than it imported
- Used Americas raw materials and sold finished
products to colonists
19Jamestown, Virginia
- First permanent English settlement
- Founded to mine gold (there was none)
- Arrived too late to plant crops (some died of
starvation) - Settled next to swamp colonists died of malaria
- Of 104 settlers, only 38 survived first year
20- Jamestown eventually became prosperous because of
tobacco
21Guns, Germs, and Steel
- Exchanges took place between Old World and New
World
From Old World From New World
Horses, cattle, chickens, pigs, wheat, rice, sugar cane, coffee, diseases (malaria, small pox, influenza, measles, mumps, scarlet fever, plague, etc), metals Corn, potato, peanuts, pumpkins, turkey, vanilla, chocolate, cotton, tomatoes, squash, pineapple, disease (syphilis)