Minerals

1
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Minerals
Minerals are basic building blocks of Earth.
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
2.3
Minerals are valuable resources.
2
Minerals are all around us.
2.1
mineral
element
crystal
SECTION OUTLINE
3
Minerals are all around us.
2.1
mineral
element
crystal
chlorine
sodium
halite
SECTION OUTLINE
4
mineral
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
mineral
element
crystal
A substance that forms in nature, is a solid, has
a definite chemical makeup, and has a crystal
structure.
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
5
element
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
mineral
element
crystal
A substance that cannot be broken down into a
simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes.
An element consists of atoms of only one type.
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
6
crystal
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
mineral
element
crystal
A solid substance in which the atoms are arranged
in an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional
pattern.
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
7
A mineral is identified by its properties.
2.2
streak
luster
Mineral Properties
cleavage
wulfenite
fracture
color
orange
streak
white
density
luster
nonmetallic
hardness
cleavage
yes
density
6.9
hardness
3
SECTION OUTLINE
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streak
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
The color of a mineral powder left behind when a
mineral is scraped across a surface a method for
classifying minerals.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
9
luster
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
The property of a mineral that describes the way
in which light reflects from its surface. Major
types of luster are metallic and nonmetallic.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
10
cleavage
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
The property of a mineral that describes its
tendency to break along flat surfaces.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
11
fracture
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
The tendency of a mineral to break into irregular
pieces.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
12
density
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
A property of matter representing the mass per
unit volume.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
13
hardness
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
The resistance of a mineral or other material to
being scratched.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
14
Minerals are valuable resources.
2.3
Minerals have many uses.
magma
lava
Technology
ore
Industry
copper
Arts
SECTION OUTLINE
15
Minerals are valuable resources.
2.3
Methods of mineral formation within Earth and at
the surface
magma
lava
ore
SECTION OUTLINE
16
magma
2.3
Minerals are valuable resources.
magma
lava
Molten rock beneath Earths surface.
ore
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
17
lava
2.3
Minerals are valuable resources.
magma
lava
Molten rock that reaches a planets surface
through a volcano.
ore
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
18
ore
2.3
Minerals are valuable resources.
magma
lava
A rock that contains enough of a valuable mineral
to be mined for a profit.
ore
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
19
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
I. Minerals are all around us.
mineral
A. Minerals have four characteristics.
element
1. Formed in Nature
crystal
2. Solid
3. Definite Chemical Makeup
4. Crystal Structure
B. Minerals are grouped according to composition.
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
20
A mineral is identified by its properties.
2.2
II. A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
A. A minerals appearance helps identify it.
luster
1. Color and Streak
cleavage
2. Luster
fracture
B. The way a mineral breaks helps identify it.
density
1. Cleavage
hardness
2. Fracture
C. A minerals density and hardness help identify
it.
1. Density
2. Hardness
D. Some minerals have special properties.
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
21
Minerals are valuable resources.
2.3
III. Minerals are valuable resources.
magma
A. Minerals have many uses in industry.
lava
B. Minerals have many uses in the arts.
ore
C. Minerals form in several ways.
D. Many minerals are mined.
1. Surface Mining
2. Deep Mining
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY