The CIRCULATORY System

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The CIRCULATORY System

• Unit 3
• Transportation Systems

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The Circulatory System
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Functions of the Circulatory System

• Transports nutrients and waste.
• Arteries pick up nutrients and deliver the
  nutrients to each body cell.
• Veins carry away waste products and excess fluid
  of each body cell.

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Functions of the Circulatory System

• Transports heat.
• Regulates heat by distributing heat generated by
  muscles.
• Transports oxygen to body cells and carbon
  dioxide away from body cells.
• Arteries carry oxygen to cells.
• Veins take carbon dioxide away from cells.

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Functions of the Circulatory System

• Transports hormones through the blood stream.
• Transports antibodies.
• Through the blood stream to help the body fight
  infection.

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Structures of the Circulatory System
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Heart

• Hollow organ
• Pumps blood throughout the body
• Four chambers
• Major blood vessels
• Four valves
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The 4 Chambers of the Heart
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Receives unoxygenated blood from the veins.
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and
pumps it into the left ventricle.
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps
to the lungs.
Pumps blood into the aorta, which will
transport blood through the body.
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Major Blood Vessels in the Heart

• Superior Vena Cava
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Pulmonary Arteries
• Pulmonary Veins
• Aorta

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Valves in the Heart

• Tricuspid Valve
• Pulmonary Valve
• Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve
• Aortic Valve

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Blood flow through the Heart

• Superior Inferior Vena Cava
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
• Pulmonary Arteries

• Lungs
• Pulmonary Veins
• Left Atrium
• Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar Valve
• Aorta

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Blood Vessels

• Closed system for flow of blood
• Three types of vessels
• Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins

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Blood

• Provides vital transportation for the body
• Four components
• Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• White blood cells (leukocytes)
• Platelets (thrombocytes)
• Plasma

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Diseases and Disorders

• Anemia
• Heart Attack
• High Blood Pressure
• Atherosclerosis

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Anemia

• Blood disorder where capacity of the blood to
  transport oxygen is decreased.
• Usually red blood cell count is diminished.
• Causes
• Internal bleeding, vitamin deficiencies,
  decreased RBC production, increase in RBC
  destruction by spleen
• Symptoms
• Fatigue, chest pain, skin pallor, increased heart
  rate, difficulty breathing

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Heart Attack(Myocardial Infarction)

• Coronary artery or a branch of the coronary
  artery is blocked.
• Symptoms
• Chest pain
• Crushing pressure behind the breastbone and chest
  pain radiating to the neck, jaw, abdomen,
  shoulder or left arm.
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Difficulty breathing
• Anxiety or fear

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What is a Heart Attack?

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  tive

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High Blood Pressure(Hypertension)

• Blood pressure is chronically elevated.
• Can contribute to coronary artery disease,
  strokes, kidney failure, and sudden rupture of
  the aorta.
• Sustained systolic blood pressure of over 140 or
  a sustained diastolic blood pressure of over 90
  is considered hypertension.
• Usually there are no symptoms other than a mild
  headache.

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Atherosclerosis

• Build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of
  arteries.
• Restricts the flow of blood.
• Fats and other particles combine to form plaque.
• Calcium can be deposited by plaque and cause the
  area to harden.