Chapter 27, Section 5: The End of the War

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Chapter 27, Section 5The End of the War

• Main Idea In the Pacific, the Japanese continued
  to resist American advances until two atomic
  bombs were dropped on their home islands.

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A. War in the Pacific

• 2 main goals of the US in the Pacific regain the
  Philippines invade Japan.
• Island Hopping
• Island Hopping capturing some Japanese-held
  islands going around others to use them as
  steppingstones to control the Pacific advance
  on Japan.
• 1. American ships shell an island, 2. Troops land
  under heavy gunfire, 3. Troops engage in
  hand-to-hand combat, suffering heavy losses.
• Navajo code-talkers were used to send radio
  messages from ship to ship island to island in
  secrecy (Japan never learns).
• MacArthur returns to the Philippines,
  Americans capture Iwo Jima Okinawa.
• Japanese kamikaze pilots intentionally crashed
  loaded planes into US ships (USS Emmons), rather
  than surrender (suicide).

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Allied Counter-Offensive Island-Hopping
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Japanese Kamikaze PlanesThe Scourge of the
South Pacific
Kamikaze Pilots
Suicide Bombers
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Pacific Theater of Operations
Gen. MacArthur Returns to the Philippines!
1944
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• Attacking the Home Islands
• By April 1945, American forces were close enough
  to Japan to launch an attack on the homeland.
• To prepare, American bombers pounded Japanese
  factories cities, while our ships bombarded the
  coastlines.
• Japanese civilians suffered heavily, but the
  Japanese government still refused to surrender
  (Bushido).
• The US planned to invade Japan in autumn 1945,
  but they expected very high casualties based on
  the number of men lost in previous island
  battles.
• Estimates ranged from 250,000 to a million more
  if we invaded Japan.

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B. The Surrender of Japan

• Potsdam Declaration Allies warned Japan to
  surrender or face prompt and utter destruction,
  meaning the newly developed atomic bomb
  (Manhattan Project).
• Japan ignored the warning, mostly because they
  didnt realize what we had.
• On August 6, 1945 the Enola Gay dropped an atomic
  bomb on Hiroshima, destroying most of the city
  killing over 70,000 instantly. Japan still didnt
  surrender.
• On August 9th, the US dropped a 2nd bomb on
  Nagasaki, killing over 40,000 more instantly.
• Many more from both cities will die later from
  the effects of radiation.
• Japan surrendered on August 14th (V-J Day). The
  formal ceremony (9/2/45) took place on the USS
  Missouri in Tokyo Bay. War is over!

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Little Boy Fat Man
Enola Gay Crew
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Hiroshima August 6, 1945

• 70,000 killed immediately.
• 48,000 buildings. destroyed.
• 100,000s died of radiation poisoning cancer
  later.

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Nagasaki August 9, 1945

• 40,000 killed immediately.
• 60,000 injured.
• 100,000s died of radiation poisoning cancer
  later.

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V-J Day (September 2, 1945)
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C. The Deadliest War in History

• Death Toll - Historians estimate the total
  number of deaths for WWII to be between 30 60
  million people worldwide.
• Much of Europe Asia was destroyed by bombers
  (houses, roads, bridges, RRs, factories, farms
  ). By the end of the war, millions were left
  homeless out of work.
• After the war, Americans were horrified to learn
  of the brutal mistreatment of POWs.
• The Bataan Death March - After capturing the
  Philippines in 1942, the Japanese forced about
  75,000 American Filipino prisoners to march 65
  miles with little food or water. 10,000 of them
  died or were killed along the way.

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WW II Casualties
Europe
Asia
Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the
appropriate theater of operations
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The U.S. the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two
Superpowers
Japanese War Crimes Trials
Bio-Chemical Experiments
General Hideki Tojo
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• The Holocaust
• In the final months of the war in Europe, Allied
  forces discovered the Nazi death camps in
  Eastern Europe.
• Over 12 million victims (Jews, Poles, Slavs,
  Gypsies, POWs, etc.) were starved, tortured
  slaughtered at concentration camps such as
  Auschwitz Dachau.
• Gas chambers, crematoria, other atrocities were
  found.
• Half of the victims were Jews (6 million). The
  Jewish population of Europe shrank from 9 to 3
  million during the war.
• Throughout the war, the Nazis sent undesirables
  to these extermination camps as they conquered
  various nations, hoping to rid Europe of these
  groups of people.
• War Crimes Trials
• After the war, Nazi leaders were put on trial for
  war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials in Germany.
• 12 were sentenced to death thousands were
  imprisoned.
• Many others, however, escaped to different parts
  of the world.
• Elie Wiesel, a Jew, spent the rest of his life
  hunting down escaped Nazis.

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Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Crematoria at Majdanek
Entrance to AuschwitzWork Makes You Free
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Mass Graves at Bergen-Belsen
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The Nuremberg War TrialsCrimes Against Humanity