Miss Wall

1
Miss Walls Midterm Review

• ?

2

• What is the turning on an axis called?
• Rotation
• What is the TIME it takes to revolve around
  another object?
• Revolution
• What is a dwarf planet?
• an object with insufficient mass and gravity
  and is within a neighborhood of other objects
• Which moon, besides ours, has synchronous
  rotation and revolution?
• Triton
• Venus is Earths twin except for what main
  characteristic?
• Why does Jupiter have so many moons?
• Why is Io interesting?
• Why isnt the distance from the Sun a reason for
  seasons on Earth?

atmosphere
Its massive gravity
Is covered in active volcanoes which may be able
to create water
The distance between the aphehelion and
perihelion is too small to matter
3

• How is Uranuss revolution different from that of
  the other planets?
• Backwards to other planets- RETROGRADE
  REVOLUTION
• Which moon has the synchronous rotation and
  revolution, similar to our Moon?
• Triton, Neptunes largest moon
• What is the difference between mass and weight?
• Why are Uranuss season 21 years long?
• How many dwarf planets are classified in our
  solar system?
• FIVE- Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea
• Are Saturn's rings made of?

Mass is the amount of matter (does not change),
weight is force of gravity (changes when on
different planets/moons)
Its 98 tilt
Ice rock and dust
4

• Why does Neptune sometimes become further away
  than Pluto?
• Which planets day (ROTATION) is longer than its
  year(REVOLUTION)?
• Which planet has two moons, even though it is
  really small?
• Why is the moon Titan interesting when looking
  for life?
• Nitrogen-rich atmosphere
• 9. Why wont Venus ever have seasons, even if it
  cooled?
• Why dont eclipses occur every month?
• How is it possible for Venus and Uranus to have
  the same gravitational pull?

Plutos orbit has high eccentricity and is
tilted, allow Neptune to pass further
Venus
Mars close to asteroid belt
Its tilt 2.6 is to small to create seasons
Because the moons orbit is tilted
Because Uranus is a gas giant yet Venus is solid
rock , so their mass and overall mass that drives
the gravitational forces is the same
5

• Which lunar feature is older, maria or highlands?
  How do you know?
• Highlands- the are uplifted regions created from
  the initial impact, therefore older than maria
• What are the ages of the rocks on the moon and
  why are these ages important?
• 3.6-4.5 billion years old, same age as the rocks
  on Earth
• What is the difference between rays and rilles?
• Rays are lines of scattered debris around craters
  and rilles are lava tubes that look like river
  valleys
• What is albedo?
• What happened in 1969?
• Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were first to
  walk on the moon

The amount of light reflected by an object
6
29.5 days

• How long does the lunar cycle last?
• The phase of the moon that you see depends on
• how much of the sunlit moon is facing Earth
• Describe the differences between lunar and solar
  eclipses.
• Solar Eclipse- alignment Sun, Moon Earth
• Moons shadow is on the Earth
• Phase-new moon
• When looking at it, you see the Suns corona
• Lunar- alignment Sun, Earth, moon
• Earths shadow on the moon
• phase- full moon
• When looking at it, the moon appears
  reddish-brown

7

• What are the THREE theories as to the end of the
  universe?
• Big Crunch- dark energy wears off, gravity pulls
  back for another Big Bang
• Flat- dark energy wears off, stop expanding and
  eventually all stars burn out
• Open- universe expands forever, eventually all
  stars burn out
• What is the current motion of the universe and
  what Law proves this theory?
• Expanding rapidly- Hubbles Law- further away an
  object is, the faster it is moving outward
• What do we call LARGE groupings of galaxies?
• superclusters
• How FAR is a light-year, billions or trillions of
  miles?
• trillions! (actually a little of 6 trillion
  miles!)
• Why are elliptical galaxies the most common type
  in the universe?
• Galaxies that are close enough (like the Milky
  Way and our neighbor Andromeda) gravity pulls
  them together and they collide to make an
  Elliptical Galaxy
• 1 Billion year in a minute and a half! Colliding
  Galaxies!
• What is the relationship between gravity and
  distance?
• Negative- as distance increases, gravitational
  pull decreases

8

• What is Convection. Provide an example.
• The circulation of heat in a fluid (liquid or
  gas). Examples pot of boiling water, hot tub,
  plate tectonics
• What is conduction? Provide and Example.
• The transfer of heat from one object to
  another. Examples Burning your hand, appliance
  in an outlet
• 3. What is radiation? Provide an Example.
• Radiation directly given off by an object.
  Examples sun, light, stove,
• 4. What is air pressure?
• The weight of the air pressing down on an
  object
• 5. Why does air pressure exist? How is air
  pressure created?
• Air pressure exist because of the force of
  gravity pulling the atmosphere downward. Air
  pressure is created by the force of the air that
  surrounds us being applied to us.
• 6. How do changes in air pressure impact you?
  Provide TWO examples.
• As the weight changes form school bus to
  small car the change in weight causes muscles,
  cartilage in joints and sinus to expand and
  shrink.

9

• Which air mass is warm and wet?
• Which air mass forms in the summer only?
• Which air mass will form the least amount of
  clouds? WHY?
• What is the envelope of gases that surround the
  earth?
• What is an instrument that measures air pressure?
• What is a large volume of air that has the
  characteristics of where it forms?
• What is the amount of moisture in the air?

Maritime tropical
Continental tropical
Arctic- extremely dry and cold
Atmosphere
barometer
Air mass
humidity
10

• What kind of weather can be expected with LOW air
  pressure?
• Cloudy and possibly precipitation, temperatures
  should be slightly warmer
• If you have a sinus headache from sinus pressure,
  how is the air pressure going to change in the
  next day or two?
• Pressure should be dropping causing your sinuses
  to swell and expand
• What conditions would be best for freezing rain?
• Freezing rain needs warm air above where the
  precipitation falls but very cold surfaces to
  cause the rain to freeze on contact.
• What kind of weather can you expect if you notice
  high cirrus clouds?
• A storm is coming soon.
• Describe an Arctic air mass and where does it
  come from?
• Extremely cold and dry, Northern Canada
• How is temperature related to air pressure?
• Warmer lower air pressure, cooler higher air
  pressure

11

• What is wind?
• The movement of air from High to low pressure
• Provide four reasons how our atmosphere helps
  allow life on earth?
• Provides Oxygen and water (tropo)2. Provide
  OZONE for protection from UV (stratosphere)
• 3. Protects from solar wind (Thermo) 4.
  Protection from meteors (mesosphere)
• How does air pressure change as you go higher in
  the Earths atmosphere?
• It DECREASES because the air molecules are more
  spread out, therefore, less dense and less air
  pressure

12

• List the Global Winds and their latitudes,
  include the areas of No Wind.
• Polar Easterlies. 666.5-90, Prevailing westerlies
  23.5-66.5, Trade winds 23.5-23.5 N and S
• What kind of weather can we expect with the
  following cloud types cumulus, stratus,
  nimbostratus, cumulonimbus and cirrus?
• Cumulus- clear, sunny and fair weather
• Stratus- overcast and cloudy
• Nimbostratus- rainy or snowing with precipitation
  but not a storm
• Cumulonimbus- severe thunderstorm to tornadoes or
  surrounding eye of hurricane
• Cirrus- clear and sunny with high pressure but
  storm approaching
• Why do land and sea breezes exist?
• Because the air pressure changes as the land
  cools quickly and water holds heat in the evening
  but during the day, the lands heats quickly
  creating low pressure over land.

13

• What is the cause of summers on Earth?
• More direct sunlight due to the tilt
• Wind is the movement of air from _____________ to
  __________ pressure.
• The Earths ozone layer is important because
• Protection from UV radiation
• The suns rays are least direct at
• At the poles
• What is the best device for predicting rain? Why?
• Barometer- tells if pressure is dropping before
  rain comes
• Your oven is an example of which heat transfer?
• Convection

high
low
14

• Which type of precipitation is formed only from
  cumulonimbus clouds?
• Hail
• What is the temperature that is needed for
  precipitation to occur?
• Dew point
• What are the particles in the air that are
  required for clouds to form?
• Condensation nuclei
• The density of air _____________ as elevation
  increases.
• What is a large volume of air that has the
  characteristics over the area of which it forms?
• Why are mountain climbers short of breath when
  climbing a mountain?
• Oxygen molecules are more spread out and harder
  to take in
• What is the major difference between leeward and
  windward sides of a mountain?
• precipitation

Decreases
Air mass
15

• Why do convection currents exist?
• cold air is more dense than warm
• Why do land breezes occur?
• land cools off quicker than water
• Where are horse Latitudes located?
• 30 North and south of the equator
• What are the two conditions required for a cloud
  to form?
• cooling of the air and condensation nuclei