Chapter 6 Section 2

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Chapter 6Section 2

• Philosophers and Writers of the Golden Age

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Philosophy

• The study of basic questions of reality human
  existence
• Great Greek achievement
• Lover of Wisdom
• Natural laws truths could be discovered through
  reason

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Socrates

• Athenian - Education key to personal growth
• Students should learn to think for themselves.
• Socratic Method questions to teach
• Critic of democracy unskilled rule

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Socrates

• Falsely accused of denying the existence of the
  gods and corrupting the youth
• At trial refused to deny his teachings Found
  guilty and executed
• Drank hemlock

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Plato

• Socrates greatest student
• Recorded Socrates ideas
• Taught Socrates teachings
• The Academy school in Athens
• Dialogues or Discussions
• Dealt w/ Government, religion, justice, and
  education

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Plato -Theory of Forms

• Material things an imperfect expression of
  perfect ideas or forms
• Perfection could never be reached in physical
  world
• Humans consisted of two parts body and soul

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Plato - The Republic

• Written dialogue of Platos view of a perfect
  society and government
• Aristocracy governed by upper class based on
  wisdom not wealth/birth - ideal

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Aristotle

• Student of Plato at the Academy opened school
• All subjects should be studied logically
• Classified things (science)
• Facts organized into systems

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Aristotle

• Ethics What makes people happy?
• Poetics What makes a good or bad play
• Studied politics all forms could be corrupt
• Wanted limited democracy

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Science

• No practical scientific knowledge developed
• Foundations of anatomy, botany, and zoology laid
  by Aristotle
• Greeks believed the world could be explained
  through natural laws
• Reason v. Superstition

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Math

• Pythagoras believed everything could be
  explained by math
• Developed Pythagorean theorem
• A2b2c2

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Medicine

• Hippocrates founder of medical science
• Disease from natural sources not the gods
• Hippocratic Oath still take this pledge
  today.
• Code of Ethics

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History

• Greeks 1st to take history seriously
• Herodotus father of history
• --Traveled around world
• Thucydides understand Human nature through
  history
• --History of the Peloponnesian War
• --Made history accurate and fair.

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Drama

• Plays containing action, dialogue, conflict,
  emotion
• Plays in poetic form
• 2-3 actors speak lines
• Chorus describes action
• All men no women
• Plays performed in outdoor theaters carved into
  hillside

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Tragedies

• Main character struggles against fate or events
• Usually defeated in the end.
• Punished for hubris (pride)
• Sophocles and Euripides famous tragic writers

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Comedies

• Made fun of ideas and people
• Tragic and humorous figures
• Aristophanes most famous writer of Greek comedy