Matter,%20Solutions,%20Acids%20

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Matter, Solutions, Acids Bases
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Georgia Performance Standards

• SPS2. Students will explore the nature of matter,
  its classifications, and its system for naming
  types of matter.

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Properties of Matter

• Physical Property- a characteristic of a material
  that you can observe without changing its
  identity.
• Ex.- Color, smell, density, magnetic quality,
  malleability, ability to flow

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What are the physical properties of these items?
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• During a Physical change the internal makeup of a
  substance does not change.
• Ex.- Freezing, Melting, Boiling, condensing,
  cutting into , distillation.

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Distillation

• physical change
• The process of
• separating a mixture
• by its boiling points
• Examples
• Making alcohol, separating petroleum, or salt
  water

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Petroleum Fractional Distillation
Oil was formed from the remains of animals and
plants that lived millions of years ago.  Over
the years, the remains were covered by layers of
mud.  Heat and pressure from these layers helped
the remains turn into what we today call crude
oil .  The word "petroleum" means "rock oil" or
"oil from the earth."
Other products made from petroleum include ink,
crayons, bubble gum, dishwashing liquids,
deodorant, eyeglasses, records, tires, ammonia,
and heart valves.
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Other materials made from petroleum

• Solvents Diesel Motor Oil Bearing Grease Ink
  Floor Wax Ballpoint Pens Football Cleats
  Upholstery Sweaters Boats Insecticides Bicycle
  Tires Sports Car Bodies Nail Polish Fishing lures
  Dresses Tires Golf Bags Perfumes Cassettes
  Dishwasher Tool Boxes Shoe Polish Motorcycle
  Helmet Caulking Petroleum Jelly Transparent Tape
  CD Player Faucet Washers Antiseptics Clothesline
  Curtains Food Preservatives Basketballs Soap
  Vitamin Capsules Antihistamines Purses Shoes
  Dashboards Cortisone Deodorant Footballs Putty
  Dyes Panty Hose Refrigerant Percolators Life
  Jackets Rubbing Alcohol Linings Skis TV Cabinets
  Shag Rugs Electrician's Tape Tool Racks Car
  Battery Cases Epoxy Paint Mops Slacks Insect
  Repellent Oil Filters Umbrellas Yarn Fertilizers
  Hair Coloring Roofing Toilet Seats Fishing Rods
  Lipstick Denture Adhesive Linoleum Ice Cube Trays
  Synthetic Rubber Speakers Plastic Wood Electric
  Blankets Glycerin Tennis Rackets Rubber Cement
  Fishing Boots Dice Nylon Rope Candles Trash Bags
  House Paint Water Pipes Hand Lotion Roller Skates
  Surf Boards Shampoo Wheels Paint Rollers Shower
  Curtains Guitar Strings Luggage Aspirin Safety
  Glasses Antifreeze Football Helmets Awnings
  Eyeglasses Clothes Toothbrushes Ice Chests
  Footballs Combs CD's Paint Brushes Detergents
  Vaporizers Balloons Sun Glasses Tents Heart
  Valves Crayons Parachutes Telephones Enamel
  Pillows Dishes Cameras Anesthetics Artificial
  Turf Artificial limbs Bandages Dentures Model
  Cars Folding Doors Hair Curlers Cold cream Movie
  film Soft Contact lenses Drinking Cups Fan Belts
  Car Enamel Shaving Cream Ammonia Refrigerators
  Golf Balls Toothpaste Gasoline

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Properties of Matter

• Chemical Property-- describes its "potential" to
  undergo some chemical change or reaction because
  of its composition.
• Chemical properties can only be observed by
  changing a substance's chemical properties.
  Flammability, Reactivity, etc
• Once a chemical change has occurred a NEW
  SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES is/are produced with
  totally new physical and chemical
  characteristics.

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Examples of Chemical Changes
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Chemical Changes

• Soft, silver metal
• Reacts violently
• with water

• Green gas
• toxic

• Love it on French
• fries
• Need it to live

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Conservation of Mass

• During a chemical reaction, energy is taken in or
  given off
• The Law of Conservation of Mass states mass is
  neither created or destroyed.
• The mass of the product(s) is equal to the mass
  of the reactant(s).

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Composition of Matter

• 2 Main Types of Matter
• Pure Substances either ____________ or
  compounds.
• Has the same composition throughout
• A. Elements all atoms in the substance are
  alike
• 90 elements found in nature
• 20 made in laboratories
• Atom is the smallest particle of an element that
  still retains the characteristics of that element
• Examples copper, gold, hydrogen, carbon

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Pure Substances continued

• Compounds consisting of two or more different
  elements bonded together (chemicallly combined)
  in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into
  simpler substances.
• Examples water (H20), carbon dioxide (CO2),
  sugar (C6H1206), hydrochloric acid (H2S04),
• salt (NaCl)

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Types of Matter

• Mixtures
• 2 or more materials mixed together BUT NOT
  CHEMICALLY combined, they still retain their own
  chemical makeup.
• Unlike compounds,
• mixtures do not always
• contain substances in
• fixed proportions.

Heterogeneous
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Types of Mixtures

• Heterogeneous Mixtures
• A type of mixture in which parts of the mixture
  are noticeably different from one another
• Usually can pick out the different particles
• Hetero means different
• Examples salad, hotdog, hamburger, marble

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Suspension

• Heterogeneous mixture between liquids or
  liquids/solids that will settle out upon
  standing.
• Examples Italian dressing, pond water, oil and
  vinegar

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Types of Mixtures

• Homogeneous Mixture
• a mixture that contains 2 or more gases, liquids
  or solids blended evenly throughout.
• Hard to pick out individual particles (looks the
  same throughout)
• Homo means same
• Two Main Types
• Solutions
• Colloids

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Solutions

• A homogeneous mixture where on material dissolves
  in another
• the dissolved particles are so small you can see
  them
• Alloy-- a solution of two or more elements,
  usually metal and metal
• brass zinc and copper
• stainless steel copper, nickel and iron
• Pewter lead, copper, tin
• White gold nickel, palladium and gold
• Rose gold copper and gold
• Bronze aluminum and copper

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Parts of a Solutions

• Solutes the particles dissolved
• in the solution
• Examples sugar, Koolaid mix, salt
• 2. Solvent the substance in a
• solution in which the particles
• dissolve
• Usually water

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Colloid

• A homogeneous mixture that contains some
  particles that are larger in size, but still
  evenly distributed throughout
• Does not settle upon standing
• Tyndall Effect scattering of light due to larger
  particles causes milky/cloudy color in colloids
• Example milk, fog, peanut butter, butter,
  mayonnaise, yogurt

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Gas Laws

• Charles Law
• The direct proportion of the volume of a gas to
  its temperature (in Kelvins) if the pressure and
  the number of particles of the gas are constant
• As temperature goes up, volume goes up (if
  pressure stays same)

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Gas Laws

• Boyles Law
• The inverse variation of the volume of a gas with
  its pressure if the temperature and the number of
  particles are constant
• If the volume goes down, then the pressure will
  go up (if the temperature stays constant)