Hand Carrying Earth

1

• Different writers define  Translation in
  different ways
• Translation is the replacement of textual
  material in one language (SL) by equivalent
  textual material in another language (TL).
  (Catford, 196920).
• Translation is the reproduction in the receptors
  language (TL) the closest natural equivalent of
  the source language message, 1st in terms of
  meaning and 2nd in term of style. (Nida,
  196912).
• 3. Translation is made possible by an equivalence
  of thought that lies behind its different verbal
  expressions (Savory, 196913).
• Translation is a process of finding a TL
  equivalent for an SL utterance. (Pinchuck,
  197738).
• Translation is the rendering (translation) of SL
  text into TL so as to ensure that (1) the
  surface meaning of the two will be approximately
  similar and (2) the structures of the SL will be
  preserved as closely as possible but not so
  closely that the TL structures will be seriously
  distorted (Mc Guire, 19807)

The definition of translation
2
6. Translation is a craft consisting the attempt
to replace a written message and/or statement in
one language (SL) by the same message and/or
statement in another language (TL). (Newmark,
19817). From the above definition ,it can be
seen that we have the same term
 Equivalent .The meaning (Larson), content
(Catford), thought (Savory) or message (Nida) of
both SL and TL must be equivalent,yet it is
expressed in different verbal expressions.
3

• Translation equivalence can be in the rank of
  word for word, phrase for phrase, sentence for
  sentence and so on. Look at the example below
• 1st instance
• Plane
• A new plane
• The carpenter has a new plane
• The carpenter has a new plane to make the wood
  smooth.
• The passengers get on a new plane.

4

• 2nd instance
• Run
• The boy runs anak itu berlari
• The river runs sungai itu mengalir
• The clock runs jam itu berjalan
• He nose runs ia pilek.

5
Idiomatic phrases

• Catkucing
• To bell the catmelakukan sesuatu yang berbahaya.
• To let the cat out of the bagmembuka rahasia.
• Cat and dog life penghidupan yang penuh
  pertengkaran.
• To rain cats and dogshujan sangat lebat
• When the cat is away the mice will playbebas
  bila tidak ada majikan.
• The enemy played cat-and-mouse to the prisoners
• Musuh mempermainkan tawanannya.