Fundamentals of Population

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Demographics are Our Friends!!!!
More people are alive at this time about 6.7
billion than at any other point in Earths long
history.
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Where are the people of the world?

• The portion of the Earths surface occupied by
  permanent human settlement is called the Ecumene.
• Human beings avoid clustering in certain physical
  environments. Those that are too dry, too wet,
  too hot, too cold, or too mountainous.
• Humans need arable land in order to produce food!
• Approx. 3/4th of the worlds population live on
  only 5 of Earths surface.
• Much less thousands of years ago.

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Dry Lands

• 20 of the Earth is
  too dry for
  farming.
• Deserts lack sufficient water to grow crops that
  could feed a large population although some
  people survive there by raising animals, such as
  camels, that are adapted to
  the climate.
• Despite poor agriculture many natural resources
  are found in the deserts of the world including
  much of the worlds oil reserves.
• The increasing demand for these resources has led
  to a growth in settlements in or near deserts.

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Wet Lands

• Lands that receive very high levels of
  precipitation are usually
  inhospitable for humans.
• Located primarily along the equator (20N-20S)
• Rainfall averages range
  from 50 inches to most
  with
  over 90 inches per year.
• The combination of rain and
  heat rapidly
  depletes nutrients
  from the soil hindering
  agriculture
• If the rainfall is seasonal it can allow for a
  growing season that can support a large
  population.

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Cold Lands

• North South Poles are permanently covered with
  ice or the ground is frozen (permafrost)
• Receives very little precipitation but over
  thousands of years the small amount of snowfall
  has accumulated into thick ice.
• Unsuitable for planting crops
• Few animals can survive the extreme cold

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High Lands

• Few people live at high elevations.
• The highest mountains in the world are steep,
  snow-covered, and sparsely settled.
• Exceptions are found along the equator as people
  may prefer to occupy high lands if the
  temperatures precipitation are uncomfortably
  high at lower elevations.
• Mexico City one of the worlds largest cities
  is located at an elevation of 7,360 feet.

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Population Concentrations

• Most people live near an Ocean or River
• 2/3rds of the worlds population live within 300
  miles
• 4/5ths live within 500 miles
• Low-lying areas
• Fertile Soil
• Temperate
• Climate

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Population Concentrations

• Two thirds of the worlds inhabitants are
  clustered in four regions
• East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Southeast Asia

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This cartogram displays countries by the size of
their population rather than their land area.
(Only countries with 50 million or more people
are named.)
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EAST ASIA

• 1/5th (23.2) of the worlds people live in East
  Asia
• China, Japan, North and South Korea, Taiwan
• China is the worlds most populous country 1.3
  billion
• China 48 urban areas over 1 million 20 gt 2
  million
• 2/3rds live in rural areas
• are subsistence farmers.
• Japan S. Korea
• 1/3rd live in Tokyo Osaka or Seoul
• 3/4ths live in urban areas
• work industrial or
  service jobs.

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SOUTH ASIA

• 1/5th (22.17) of the worlds people live in
  South Asia
• India (2), Pakistan (6), Bangladesh(7), Sri Lanka
• India is expected to become 1 by 2030
• Population is clustered along a 900
  mile corridor
  along the plains of the
  Indus and
  Ganges Rivers
  along both of Indias
  coasts.
• 45 urban areas over
  1
  million 19 gt 2 million
• 3/4th of the people live in
  rural
  areas are farmers

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SOUTHEAST ASIA

• 1/13th (8) of the worlds population live in SE
  Asia
• Indonesia 13,677 islands 4th most populous
  nation - Java (100 million)
• High percentage of
  people working as
  farmers in
  rural areas.
• 3 Asian clusters
• make up ½ of the
• total world population
• lt 10 of the land

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EUROPE

• 1/9th (11) of the worlds people live in Europe
  (3rd biggest cluster)
• 4 dozen countries Monaco to Russia
• 3/4th live in cities
• Great infrastructure
  links the area
  together
• Lowest CBR
• 20 are farmers
• Must import food
  other
  resources

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OTHER POPULATION CLUSTERS

• 2 of Worlds population lives in West Africa
• ½ live in Nigeria (8th world 1st in Africa)
• Highest NIR in the world
• 5 urban areas gt 2 million
• 11 gt 1 million
• Most W. Africans work
• as farmers in rural areas

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POPULATION

• After learning where people are distributed
  across Earths surface, we can identify the
  locations where the numbers of people are
  increasing, decreasing, or staying the same
• We can learn even more about them through.

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Demographics

• Demographics are statistics that describe a
  population .
• One statistic can say a lot about a population.
• How big
• How fast
• How much in need
• How etc.
• Lets start with what we know already!!!

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POPULATION DENSITY

• Density The frequency with which
  something exists within a given
  unit of area.
• Arithmetic density total number of
  people divided by the
  total land area
• USA 78 per sq. mi. Canada 8 Australia
  7
• Bangladesh 2,640 per sq. mi. India 840
• Physiological density total number of people
  supported by a unit area of arable land
• USA 404 per sq. mile Egypt 9,073 per
  sq. mile
• The higher the physiological density the
  greater the pressure that people may place on the
  land to produce enough food.
• Agricultural density total number of farmers to
  the amount of arable land.
• USA 4 farmers per sq. kilometer Egypt
  1,401 farmers per sq. km.
• Most Developed countries have lower agricultural
  densities b/c technology finance allow few
  people to farm the land freeing people to work
  in other areas.

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POPULATION

• Crude birth rate (CBR) is the total number of
  live births in a year for every 1,000 people
  alive in the society.
• Crude death rate (CDR) is the total number of
  deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in
  society.
• Natural increase rate (NIR) is the percentage by
  which a population grows in a year.
• CBR CDR/100 NIR

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Natural Increase

• About 80 million people are being added to the
  population of the world annually (Highest was 87
  million in 1989)
• NIR is about 1.3
• (highest in 1963 at 2.2)
• Population increased from
• 3-4 billion in 14 years
• 4-5 billion in 13 years
• 5-6 billion in 12 years
• The rate of natural increase affects the doubling
  time, which is the number of years needed to
  double a population, assuming a constant rate of
  natural increase.
• Virtually 100 of the NIR is clustered in less
  developed countries
• NIR exceeds 2.0 in most countries of Africa,
  Asia, Latin America, the Middle East.

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Fertility

• Highest crude birth rates are in sub-Saharan
  Africa, and the lowest are in Europe.
• Ave. SS Africa CBR is over 40
• Ave. Europe CBR is below 10
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is used to measure the
  number of births in a society.
• The TFR is the average
  number of
  children a women
  will have throughout
  her
  childbearing years (15-49)
• The total fertility rate for the
  
  world as a whole is approx.
  
  3 children per women
• Ave. SS Africa TFR is over 6
• Ave. Europe TFR is under 2

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Mortality

• Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the annual number
  of deaths of infants under one year of age,
  compared with total live births.
• Highest IMR rates in
  poorer countries
• LDC 10
• Europe lt 5
• In general, the IMR reflects a countrys
  healthcare system.
• The US has a higher IMR than Canada
  most European countries.
• More poor people with inadequate healthcare

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LIFE EXPECTANCY

• Life expectancy measures the average number of
  years a newborn infant can expect to live at
  current mortality levels in a country.
• Lower in the poorer countries
• Higher in the richer countries

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• Dependency Ratio the number of people who are
  too young or too old to work, compared to the
  number of people in their productive years.
• The larger the percentage of dependants, the
  greater the financial burden on those who are
  working to support those who cannot.
• Sex Ratio the number of males per one hundred
  females.
• Varies from country to country
  
  region to region
  
  generation to generation
• Europe N. America 95100
• Rest of the world 102100

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DEVELOPED COUNTRYMore Developed Country

• LOW
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Infant mortality rate

• HIGH
• GNP/GDP
• High Income
• Literacy rate
• Life expectancy
• Urban
• Agricultural productivity
• Access to many types of technology
• Access to many types of transportation

--People make their living by manufacturing and
services --Commercial farming --Population grows
slowlyfewer kids, adults live longer
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DEVELOPING COUNTRYLess Developed Country

• LOW
• GNP/GDP
• High Income
• Literacy rate
• Life expectancy
• Urban
• Agricultural productivity
• Limited access to technology
• Limited access to transportation

• HIGH
• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Infant mortality rate

--People make their living by farming, fishing,
forestry --Subsistence farming --Population
grows quicklymost kids die young and adults
dont live long
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The US takes a census of the population every 10
years
United States of America (3rd most populous
nation)       4.5 of total world 5 with
Canada included U.S. POPClock
Projection According to the U.S. Bureau of the
Census, the resident population of the United
States, projected to 08/02/08 at 0354 GMT
(EST5) is 9/15/11 312,218,369 COMPONENT
SETTINGS FOR AUGUST 2008 One birth
every.................................. 7 seconds
One death every..................................
14 seconds One international migrant (net)
every............ 30 seconds Net gain of one
person every..................... 10 seconds
Atlantic Coastline Great Lakes Mostly urban
living working Less than 5 are farmers