Chp 20-21 Water

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Chp 20-21 Water Water Pollution RAD Guide

• January 14, 2016

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Chp 20 Water UsesExplain how natural disasters
can leave communities w/o fresh H2O.

• Earthquakes destroy pipes, floods mix sewage with
  fresh water
• Unpotable water that is unsafe to drink
• vs.
• Potable- water that is safe to drink

3
How many liters of H2O does the average person in
US use daily?

• 300 L

4
How much of H2O thats used by people does
industry use? How does lack of H2O affect
industry?

• 44
• Availability of water affects where a company can
  relocate ? generates jobs in community it chooses

5
How much of H2O people use does agriculture use?
Define irrigation.

• 47
• Irrigation process of bringing water to an area
  for use in growing crops

6
Describe the 4 types of irrigation.

• Flood irrigation flooding of area that is flat
• Furrow irrigation releases H2O into furrows dug
  b/w rows of crops
• Overhead irrigation use sprinkler system over
  tops of crops
• Efficient, but expensive
• Subirrigation water introduced naturally or
  artificially beneath soil

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Flood irrigation
Furrow irrigation
sub irrigation
Overhead irrigation-sprinklers
8
Describe what happened in Mono Lake, CA.

• Saltwater lake fed by melting snow from mountains
• City diverted the melt ? less water to lake ?
  evaporation ? increase salt ? kill animals

9
Describe how surface H2O can turn into larger
stream and oceans.

• Water from rain and melting snow travels as
  runoff
• Runoff carves grooves into land called rills
• Rills deepen to form larger streams
• Deposit into oceans

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Describe how groundwater is formed.

• Water seeps through soil and into porous bedrock
• Groundwater collects in rock to form a layer
  water table

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What is an aquifer? How does H2O move through it?

• Aquifer layer of porous rock that contains water
• Water does not move at constant rate

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What is overdraft? Name 2 problems with
overdraft.

• Overdraft when a body of water is drained faster
  than it is filled
• Saltwater Intrusion saltwater mixes with aquifer
  ? makes unpotable
• Subsidence water supports bedrock, so when
  removed, rock weakens and sinks
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vpW4niTkVck8
  (FLORIDA MAN SWALLOWED BY SINKHOLE)

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Subsidence example
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Briefly mention what happened to Ogallala Aquifer.

• Largest aquifer in the world
• High plains states depend heavily on aquifer for
  irrigation of crops
• Predicted to dry up in 40 years because of
  overdraft
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vXXFsS94HF08
  (Ogallala Aquifer)

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What is desalination what can it be used for?

• Desalination process by which salts are removed
  from water
• Obtain fresh water for cooking, drinking,
  irrigation, and removes salt from agriculture
  waste water

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Explain 3 types of desalination.

• Distillation water evaporates, salt left behind

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3 types of desalination (continued)

• 2. Reverse Osmosis saltwater forced
• through strainer that traps salt
• 3. Freezing forms ice and salt slush
• Slush removed leaving fresh ice

18
What are 4 processes that are used to purify
water?

1. Sedimentation
2. Filtration
3. Aeration
4. Sterilization

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Briefly describe process of water treatment.

1. Screens trap floating particles
2. Water allowed to stand undisturbed so sediment
   settles at bottom
3. Coagulants remove fine particles
4. Filter through fine sand
5. Air sprayed on it or falls as waterfall (O2
   purifies water)
6. Sterilize using chemicals or extreme heat

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What are 2 substances used to purify water? What
are benefits disadvantages?

• Chlorine
• Produced and stored easily
• Adds smell to water

• Ozone
• Sterilizes more quickly
• Expensive and difficult to store

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Chp 21 Water Pollution Briefly describe the
history of water pollution.

• 19th century most of world dumped garbage into
  closest waterway
• Led to cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery
• Then moved to ocean dumping
• Still a common practice

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What is sewage? How much is dumped in ocean by US?

• Sewage water that contains organic wastes from
  humans and industry
• 8.9 trillion liters each year!!

23
What is sewage-treatment plant? Explain how
sewage is treated.

• Facility that processes raw sewage before sewage
  is returned to surface water systems
• Filter through screens (big particles)
• Add bacteria and chemicals
• Breakdown organic material
• Sterlize

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How are diseases water pollution related? What
is a pathogen?

• Many disease carrying organisms spend part of
  life cycle in water
• Pathogen parasites, bacteria, viruses that
  cause disease
• Typhoid fever
• Cholera
• Schistosomiasis
• Malaria

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What are 6 major sources of water pollution?

1. Agriculture
2. Sewage-treatment plant
3. Industry
4. Urban runoff
5. Mining runoff
6. Construction runoff

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What are 4 types of water pollutants?

1. Pathogens
2. Nutrients
3. Sediments
4. Toxic Chemicals

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Why is agriculture such a major pollutant?

• Use of pesticides, fertilizers, plant animal
  waste all pollute land and water

28
Define toxic chemicals. What is difference b/w
inorganic organic?

• Toxic chemicals elements and compounds that are
  directly harmful to living things
• Inorganic lack carbon
• Organic contain carbon

29
Identify describe 4 types of inorganic
chemicals.

1. Acids runoff from mining, chemical plants,
   water-treatment facilities, etc.
2. Salts runoff from mining, treatment, plants,
   direct discharge
3. Heavy metals industrial processes (metal
   treatment, paint) ex. Mercury lead
4. Plant nutrients phosphates nitrates from
   agriculture

30
Identify 6 examples of organic chemicals. How do
they enter groundwater?

• Gasoline, oils, plastics, pesticides/fertilizers,
  solvents, wood preservative
• Discharged into sewer systems that lead to lakes
• Runoff

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Why is crude oil the most common spill?

• Because transported along rivers across oceans
  in huge amounts
• Exxon Valdez 1989 Amoco Cadiz 1978

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Explain the process of eutrophication.

• Large amounts of plant nutrients runoff into lake
• Accelerates plant growth ? no room
• Plants die decompose ? increases decomposer
  bacteria
• Lowers oxygen
• Animals die

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Describe problems associated with radioactive
water pollution.

• Waste difficult to store (solid liquid)
• Liquid waste placed in steel containers and
  encased in concrete
• Can corrode over time and leak in ground water
  systems

34
Describe problems associated with thermal water
pollution.

• Usually occurs in lakes by power plants
• Fish regulate body temp by water temp
• Increase water temp ? increase metabolism in
  fish, but decreases amount of oxygen in water
• Fish suffocate

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Why have laws to protect the water from pollution
failed?

1. Laws not strong enough
2. Strong ones not enforced
3. Scientific reports not accurate
4. Difficult to determine who did polluting
5. Removal of factory can cause loss of jobs