The Spirit of Reform

1
The Spirit of Reform

• Section 1

2
Who was Dorthea Dix?

• She worked for improving the treatment of the
  mentally ill

3
Who was Lyman Beecher?

• He created benevolent societies
• Benevolent societies- spread the word of God
  while combating social problems

4
What was the American Temperance Union?

• Temperance- moderation in the conception of
  alcohol
• Leads to prohibition in the 1800s

5
What are penitentiaries?

• Created with the goal of rehabilitating criminals

6
Who was Horace Mann?

• He pushed for public education for all children

7
Who was Emma Willard?

• She founded a womens school that taught academic
  subjects

8
Who was Mary Lyon?

• She founded the first womens only college, Mount
  Holyoke

9
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

• Led by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton
• Meeting to focus on equal rights for women
• Women begin to see themselves as equal to men

10
Andrew Jacksons Presidency

• Supports the common man through increasing their
  involvement in politics
• This, in turn, gives Jackson more support

11
What is the Spoils System?

• A process in which government jobs are given
  based on party loyalty and support

12
What is the difference between a caucus and a
national nominating convention?

• In a caucus, party members select candidates to
  run for political office

• In a nominating convention, the people select
  candidates to run for political office

13
What was the Nullification Crises?

• It occurs in response to the Tariff of
  Abominations, as South Carolina threatens with
  seceding from the Union
• John C. Calhoun proposes nullification
• Jackson responds that nullification is an act of
  treason

14
What were the Nullification Debates?

• Robert Hayne- states rights vs. Daniel Webster-
  national power

15
What was the Force Bill?

• The bill states the president can use the
  military to enforce laws
• In response, South Carolina repeals nullification

16
What was the Indian Removal Act?

• Jackson wants to relocate Native Americans from
  Georgia to Oklahoma

17
What was the result of the Supreme Court case
Worcester vs. Georgia?

• States that the Supreme Court supports the
  property rights of Native Americans
• Jackson refuses to support the decision

18
What was the Trail of Tears?

• Martin Van Buren forces the Native Americans to
  move from Georgia to Oklahoma
• Thousands of Native Americans die

19
The Spirit of Reform

• Section 2

20
Why does Jackson oppose the National Bank?

• Jackson opposes the National Bank because he
  believes it benefits the wealthy
• Jackson wins the Election of 1832 and closes the
  National Bank

21
Who were the Whigs?

• The National Republicans, founded by John Q.
  Adams, become the Whig Party

22
Who won the Election of 1836?

• The Whigs could not support one candidate, which
  allowed Martin Van Buren to become president

23
What was the Panic of 1837?

• Farmers lose their farms
• Unemployment rises

24
Who won the Election of 1840?

• William Henry Harrison defeats Martin Van Buren
  for the presidency
• Harrison dies 32 days after taking office
• John Tyler- a democrat becomes the president
• Tyler sides with the democrats on most issues

25
What was the Webster Ashburton Treaty?

• It established the boarder between the U.S. and
  Canada

26
Why were immigrants coming to the U.S.?

• Political and Religious Reasons

27
Where and why did the Irish move to the U.S.?

• Northeast United States
• Irish potato famine

28
Where and why did the Germans move to the U.S.?

• Midwest United States
• Political and religious freedom

29
What was nativism?

• It was hostility toward foreigners

30
What was the American Party (aka The Know
Nothings)?

• Anti-Catholic group
• Wanted to limit the political power of the
  Catholics
• When asked if they we part of the American Party,
  they said, I know nothing.

31
What was the Second Great Awakening?

• Wanted to reintroduce religion into the lives of
  Americans
• If you allow God into your life you will be saved

32
Who was Charles Grandison Finney?

• He introduced revivalism, which used religious
  entertainment to persuade people to join their
  religion

33
What was Unitarianism?

• Broke apart from the church of New England
• They believed Jesus was not the Savoir, but a
  teacher

34
Who were the Universalists?

• Broke apart from the church of New England
• There is no hell everyone goes to Heaven

35
Who was Joseph Smith?

• Founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day
  Saints
• Believed that prophets still communicate with
  them today
• Started in New York

36
Who was Brigham Young?

• Moved the Mormons to Utah

37
The Spirit of Reform

• Section 3

38
What was Romanticism?

• A literary style that stresses feeling over reason

39
What was Transcendentalism?

• Transcend the limits of the mind and embrace the
  universe

40
Who were Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David
Thoreau ?

• Leaders of Transcendentalism Movement

41
Who was James Fennimore Cooper?

• Wrote The Last of the Mohicans

42
Who was Nathaniel Hawthorn?

• Wrote The Scarlet Letter

43
Who was Herman Mehlville?

• Wrote Moby Dick

44
Who was Edgar Allen Poe?

• Wrote The Raven

45
Who was Emily Dickinson?

• Female poet

46
How did newspapers change the U.S.?

• More people could read which made more people
  want news

47
What were Utopian Communities?

• An ideal society
• People joined because they shared common beliefs
• People shared everything and had no private
  ownership
• Brooke Farm, Massachusetts

48
What was gradualism?

• The belief that slavery had to be ended gradually

49
What was the American Colonization Society?

• Attempted to move African Americans back to Africa

50
What is abolition?

• Immediate end of slavery

51
Who was William Llyod Garrison?

• Abolitionist who believed slavery was morally
  wrong
• Publisher of The Liberator
• Founded American Antislavery Society

52
What is emancipation?

• The freeing of all enslaved people

53
Who were Frederick Douglas and Sojourner Truth?

• Freed slave and leader of Abolitionist Movement
• Leader of Abolitionist Movement

54
What was the response to abolitionism?

• Many saw ending slavery as a threat to society
• Fear of conflict between the north and the south
• Fear of an increase of African Americans in the
  north
• Feared the destruction of the souths economy
• Many believed slaves benefited from slavery