Section 4: Growing Divisions

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Chapter 9

• Section 4 Growing Divisions

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Rising Immigration

• Needed cheap labor to work in factories in
  building canals railroad lines
• All settled in the north west most came from
  Europe

3
The Irish

• Soared in the mid 1840s because they were
  suffering from the Irish Potato Famine
• Applied for citizenship became naturalized
• Men came first, found jobs sent for their
  families
• Most were Jacksonian democrats

4
The Germans

• Came seeking political freedom
• Majority were peasants who bought large tracts of
  farmland in the Midwest

5
New Cultures

• Most were Roman Catholic
• Worked long hours in tedious jobs they gathered
  in the taverns

6
Immigrants face Hostility

• Often from Americans who felt threatened by the
  presence of newcomers of who disapproved of their
  culture
• Source of tension was economics
• Known as strike breakers
• Many women lost jobs

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• Another source was religion
• Felt Catholics discouraged individual thinking
• Catholics protested their children being sent to
  school reading the Protestant Bible

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• Anti-Immigration citizens formed the American
  Republican Party
• Pushed unsuccessfully for a new naturalization
  law requiring immigrants to live in the US for 21
  years before being eligible for citizenship

9
North-South Tensions

• Divided churches
• Southern revivalists began claiming that the
  Bible supported slavery
• Catholics Episcopal Churches were silent on the
  issue

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• Abolition movement intensified created problems
  in the Methodist Baptist churches
• South holds on to Traditions
• Saw no need to reform their societies
• Families held to traditional roles
• Women reformers were heard in the south