Ch. 2 - Matter

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Ch. 2 - Matter

• I. States of Matter
• Kinetic Molecular Theory
• States of Matter

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Definitions

• Matter- anything that has mass and takes up
  space.
• Mass- the amount of matter the object contains.
• Which has a greater mass?

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A. Kinetic Molecular Theory

• Particles of matter are always in motion.
• The kinetic energy (KE) or speed of these
  particles increases as temperature increases.

Bouncy Ball Example
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B. Three States of Matter

• Solids
• very low KE - particles vibrate but cant move
  around
• fixed shape
• fixed volume

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B. Three States of Matter

• Liquids
• low KE - particles can move around but are still
  close together
• variable shape
• fixed volume

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B. Three States of Matter

• Gases
• high KE - particles can separate and move
  throughout container
• variable shape
• variable volume

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B. States of Matter

• Plasma
• high temperature state in which atoms lose their
  electrons
• Ex. the sun

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Properties of the States of Matter
Property Solid Liquid Gas
Shape
Volume
Expansion on heating
Compressibility
Indefinite
Definite
Moderate
Almost incompressible
Definite
Definite
Very Slight
Almost incompressible
Indefinite
Indefinite
Great
Readily compressible
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Changes of State

• Melting solid to liquid
• Freezing - liquid to solid
• Vaporization liquid to gas
• Condensation gas to liquid
• Sublimation solid to gas
• Deposition- gas to solid

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Changes of State
The same substance can transform into each state
of matter by increasing or decreasing in energy.
Sublimation
Vaporization
Melting
Condensation
Freezing
Deposition