Classification

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Classification

• Challenge separate the following items into
  three groups
• Some criteria for classification
• Physical characteristics
• Behavioural characteristics
• Evolutionary relationships determined by DNA
  and protein structure

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Categories of Life

• What would you choose as three groups to
  categorize life on earth?
• Three Domains
• Eukarya (Eukaryotes Cells with a membrane bound
  nucleus)
• Bacteria (Eubacteria)
• Archaea (Archaebacteria - ancient bacteria,
  which evolved after Eubacteria)

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Us vs. Them -Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
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Kingdoms

• Debate on how many main categories (kingdoms)
  there should be 5? 6? 9?
• There are often five kingdoms used to classify
  life
• Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera

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• Recently some scientists have separated the
  prokaryotes (bacteria, a single cell without a
  nucleus) into two kingdoms, Eubacteria and
  Archaebacteria, making six kingdoms total

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Characteristics of Life
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Monerans
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What they look likeShapes of Bacteria
Spiral Shaped Spirilla
Rod Shaped Bacilli
Sphere Shaped Cocci
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Archaebacteria live in some hardcore living
environments!

• Thermophiles
• live in places up to 106oC (e.g. deep sea
  hydrothermal vents)
• Halophiles
• live in salty lakes up to 3 times as salty as
  seawater
• Acid-loving
• live in places with a pH as low as 1!
• Pressure surviving
• can live under incredible pressure (up to 800atm)

A hydrothermal vent!
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Characteristics of Life
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Characteristics of Life
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Characteristics of Life
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Characteristics of Life
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Categories narrow down each organism

• Kingdom (Kind)
• Phylum (People)
• Class (Come)
• Order (Over)
• Family (For)
• Genus (Good)
• Species (Spaghetti)

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Classification for a Dog Canis lupus familiaris
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Blue Whale Balenoptera musculus

• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Cetacea
• Family Balaenopteridae
• Genus Balenoptera
• Species musculus

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What defines a species?

• The biological definition of species states that
  all members of the same species must be able to
  successfully reproduce
• Quiz!
• Are a greyhound and a pitbull the same species?
• Are a donkey and a horse the same species?
• Are hammerhead sharks and great white sharks the
  same species?