Arab Nationalism

1
Arab Nationalism

• Disunity Among the United

2
The Ottoman Empire 1580
3
The Weakening of the Ottomans

• After Lepanto and Vienna, the Ottomans were
  losing their influence to a strengthening Europe

4
Losing their Ottoman-ness

• As Europe grows in power, Ottomans try to act
  European
• Sultan clamped down on Euro-pretenders to
  strengthen rule

• Beginning of
• Cultural Imperial Anger by Muslims

5
Greece and Egypt 1890s

• Seeing weakness, two Mediterranean states got
  their freedom.
• The Ottomans sit back and are helpless

Greek Soldiers in late 1800s
6
Efforts to Reform

• Abdulhamid II, Ottoman Sultan, tried to reform
  from 1876. Corruption too endemic

7
Enter WWI

• Sided with Germans and Austro-Hungarians as the
  Central Powers
• Lost ?

8
A Bright Spot- Gallipoli

• By 1915, Russia tipping on the brink
• Allied push in Dardanelles.
• Mustafa Kemal led Ottomans to win

9
Lawrence of Arabia

• UK sends T.E. Lawrence into Arabia to encourage
  sheiks to fight against Ottoman Turks.
• NATIONALISM BORN!!!

10
Nationalism Gone Bad The Armenian Genocide

• Ottomans, fearful of nationalist tendencies of
  the Armenians and worried of their religious ties
  to Russia, massacre 1.5 million men women and
  children

3 MM Armenians TODAY!!!
11
The Splintering of the Ottomans

• Governor of Mecca declares Arabia independent.
  Palestinians join him
• Ottomans fall in 1918

12
The Finale

• Broken up after World War I into many
  Euro-controlled states

Purple UK Orange- FR Pink IT Blue SP Tan
-free
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Turkey the Heir to Empires

• Ottomans left in control of Anatolian Peninsula
  after WWI

Black Sea
Med Sea
14
The Rise of a Phoenix

• Greece invades Western Turkey in land grab.
• Colonel Mustafa Kemal, hero of WWI, drives the
  Greeks from Turkey
• Popular and Powerful

15
A Coup and a Reformation

• 1923- Kemal forces the Ottomans from Turkey.
• Turkish Republic created
• Kemal is Ataturk

16
Forced Modernization

• Democracy
• Separates Church and State
• Caliphate Abolished
• New Dress codes (Fez and Veil)

17
More Reforms

• 1934- Women Vote
• Freedom of Religion
• Roman Alphabet
• Turks take last names
• Ataturk industrialized and centralized economy

18
Today?!?!?!

• Trying to join the European Union
• Capital punishment and racism hold back
• Article 301
• Crossroads country
• The Kurdish Issue