Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

• Chapter 16

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Why Is Energy Efficiency an Important Energy
Resource?

• Concept 16-1 We could save as much as 43 of all
  the energy we use by improving energy efficiency.
  
• 75 of American commute to work mostly in
  inefficient vehicles only 5 rely on mass
  transit.
• Huge data centers-90 lost through low-quality
  heat. 24 hours a day.
• I

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We Waste Huge Amounts of Energy

• Four widely used devices that waste energy
• Incandescent light bulb
• Motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine
  ( 20 of money spent on gas used to propel car)
• Nuclear power plant-Wastes 75 of high quality
  energy.
• Coal-fired power plant- Wastes 65 of energy.

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We Can Save Energy and Money in Industry

• Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP)
• Steam in CHP plant used to heat another building.
  Denmark 52 electricity.
• Recycling materials
• Scrap iron 75 than virgin iron ore and 40 less
  co2.
• Switch from low-efficiency incandescent lighting
  to higher-efficiency fluorescent and LED lighting

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More Energy-Efficient Vehicles Are on the Way

• Conventional cars- 28 of energy consumption and
  75 of oil.
• Superefficient and ultralight cars

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Hybrid

• Large tank small battery

• Large Battery. Small tank.

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Better Batteries

• Current obstacles
• Storage capacity
• Overheating
• Flammability
• In the future
• Lithium-ion battery for cars.
• Using nanotechnology- Nickel-Metal hydride 40x
  times faster and less expensive.

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IL (U.S.)

• Living roofs

• Reduce cost of heating and cooling
• Reduce stormwater.

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We Can Save Energy and Money in Existing
Buildings

• DOE 25 reduction through insulation, sealing air
  leaks, and energy-efficient appliances.
• Heat water more efficiently- solar
• Use energy-efficient lighting

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Solar
70
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Solar

• By 2030 half of Chinas households could get hot
  water heated by active systems
• Solar-cell power plants

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Solar

• High cost but prices are falling.
• Worlds fastest growing way of producing energy.
• Government subsidies and tax breaks for solar
  developers.
• Nanotechnology- thin film and graphene.
• Community solar.

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Trade-Offs Passive or Active Solar Heating
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Testlas Powerwall

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vyKORsrlN-2k

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Wind

• Wind indirect form of solar energy
• Captured by turbines
• Converted into electrical energy

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Producing Electricity from Wind Energy Is a
Rapidly Growing Global Industry

• Countries with the highest total installed wind
  power capacity
• Germany
• United States- Saudi Arabia of wind in The
  Dakotas, Kansas, Texas.
• Spain
• India
• Denmark

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Wind Energy

• Advantages of wind energy
• High net energy yield
• Little or no Co2.
• Widely available
• Easy to build.
• Drawbacks
• Winds die down need back-up energy
• Kills migratory birds if not designed properly.
• Not in my backyard

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We Can Convert Plants and Plant Wastes to Liquid
Biofuels

• Liquid biofuels
• Biodiesel
• Ethanol
• Biggest producers of biofuel
• Brazil Saved 50 billion in oil import costs
  since the 1970s
• The United States
• The European Union
• China

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Case Study Is Ethanol the Answer?

• Cellulosic ethanol alternative to corn ethanol
• Sources
• Switchgrass
• Crop residues
• Municipal wastes

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Biofuels

• Pros
• Reduce co2 from some crops.
• Medium net energy yield

• Cons
• Decrease biodiversity
• Increase soil degrading, erosion, and nutrient
  leaching
• Push farmers off their land
• Raise food prices

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2. Heat from underground spins a turbine to power
a generator and produce electricity
Generator
Geothermal
Steam turbine
Heat exchanger
3. Steam from turbine condenses to water and is
pumped back down to geothermal reservoir
Production well
Injection well
1. Hot water or steam is pumped under pressure to
the surface from underground
Geothermal reservoir
Fig. 16-30a, p. 428
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Three Big Ideas

• Making the transition to a more sustainable
  energy future will require
• Sharply increasing energy efficiency
• Using a mix of environmentally friendly renewable
  energy resources
• Including the harmful environmental and health
  costs of energy resources in their market prices

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Solutions Decentralized Power System
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Outside Plant deciduous trees to block summer
sun and let in winter sunlight.
Other rooms Use compact fluorescent
lightbulbs or LEDs and avoid using incandescent
bulbs wherever possible. Turn off lights,
computers, TV, and other electronic devices
when they are not in use. Use high efficiency
windows use insulating window covers and
close them at night and on sunny, hot days.
Set thermostat as low as you can in winter and
as high as you can in summer. Weather-strip
and caulk doors, windows, light fixtures, and
wall sockets. Keep heating and cooling vents
free of obstructions. Keep fireplace damper
closed when not in use. Use fans instead of,
or along with, air conditioning.
Stepped Art
Fig. 16-10, p. 411