Tcl%20/%20TK

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Tcl / TK

• ???????? ?????????????
• 4322027

353-554 System Programming
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Tcl / Tk

• ????
• Why used Tcl ?
• Tcl Shell and Windowing Shell (Tclsh Wish)
• Overview of main features of Tcl
• Tk Fundamental
• ???????????????????? Non-Interactive

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????

• ????????????????????????????????? UNIX
  ?????????????????????????????????????? Java,
  C/C, Python, Perl ??? Tcl ???????
• Tcl/Tk ??????????? John K. Outsterhoot
  ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ???????????? Interactive ????????

• Tcl - Tool Command Language (??????? tickle)
  ????????????????????????????? Tcl shell (tclsh)
• Tk - Toolkit (??????? tee-kay) ?????????????? GUI
  ?????? X window ?????????????? Windowing shell
  (wish)

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Why use Tcl ?

• Easy to learn
• Cross-platform support
• Unix, Windows, Macintosh ??? ?????????????????? ?
  ???????????????????
• Ready for enterprise

• Flexible integration
• Network-aware applications
• Its free
• Tcl Developer Xchange (http//dev.scriptics.com/so
  ftware/tcktk/downloadnow84.tml)

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Tcl Shell

• Tclsh ???? shell ??? Tcl ???????????????????????
  ? ??? Tcl ??? Standard input ???? File
  ????????????????????????? ? ?????????????? Tclsh
  ?????????? Argument ???????????? Tcl ???
  Interactive ????????????? Argument ????????????
  Script ??????????????? non-Interactive

• ?????????????????? Tclsh ??????????
  ??????????????????????? Tcl ??? ???????? Tclsh
  ????????????????? exit ???? ????????????

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Picture Tcl Shell
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Windowing Shell

• Wish ????????????????????????????? Windowing
  Shell ??????????????????????? ? ??? Tcl,
  ???????????????? Tk ??? ??????????????????????????
  ????????????????? Standard input ????
  ?????????????

• ????????????????? Graphic Application
  ????????????????????????????????????
• ????????? Wish ????????? Interactive ???
  non-Interactive

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Picture Windowing Shell
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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Basic syntax
• Tcl ???????? Script ????????????? ?
  ????????????????????????????? ????
  ?????????????? ?????? ? ??????????????????????
  ????????????
• ????????? Tcl ???????????? Word 1 ?? ???? ???????
  ?????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ????
• expr 20 10 ???? expr 2010
• ?????????????????????????????? String

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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Variables
• Tcl ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????
• ??????????????? set ??????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ????
• set x 32 ??????????????? 32 ???????????? x
• set x ??????????????????????? x
• Tcl ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????
• Tcl ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ??? ? ???
• ????????????????????????????
• expr x3
• ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????

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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Variable (???)
• Variable substitution ??????????????? (Actual
  argument) ?????????????????
• expr x3 gt expr 323
• ????? Variable substitution ??????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ????
• set cmd expr
• set x 11
• cmd xx
• ??????????????????????????? cmd ?????????? expr
  ???
• ????????????????? 3 ????????? expr xx

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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Command substitution
• ?????????????????????????????? ?????? Argument
  ????????????? ?
• ???????????????????? ????????????? Tcl
  ?????????? ? ???????????????????? Nested Tcl
  command ??????? Tcl ??????????????????????????????
  Argument ???????????????? ????
• set a 44
• set b expr a4 --gt set b 176

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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Quotes and Braces
• Quotes ??????? Double Quotes ( )
• ?????? Quotes ?????????????????????????????
  Argument ????? ??????????????????????????? ???
  ?????????????????????? ????
• set x 24
• set y 18
• set z x y is expr x y
• ????????????????? z ??????????? 24 18 is 42
• ?????????????????????? ??????????????

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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Quotes and Braces (???)
• Braces ??????? Curly braces ( )
• ?????? Curly braces ????????????????????????????
  Double-quotes ????????????????????????????????? ?
  ???????????? ???? ????
• set z x y is expr x y
• ????????????????? z ??????????? x y is expr
  x y

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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Control structures
• Procedures
• Condition execution
• Looping

• ???????????????? Procedure ?????????????-?????????
  ???
• proc time
• set seconds clock seconds
• put The time is clock format seconds

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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Control structure (???)
• ?????????????? Condition if ????????? Factorial
  ???????? Recursive
• proc fac x
• if x lt 0
• error Invalid argument x must be a
  positive integer
• elseif x lt 1
• return 1
• else
• return expr x fac expr x - 1

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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Control structure (???)
• ???????????????????????????????? while
  ????????????????????
• proc power base p
• set result 1
• while p gt 0
• set result expr result base
• set p expr p 1
• return result

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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Control structure (???)
• ???????????????????????????????? for
  ????????????????????????? 0-9
• for set x 0 xlt10 incr x
• puts "x is x"

• Where do commands come from
• Built-in commands
• Extension mechanism
• Procedure

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Overview of main features of Tcl

• Other features
• ???????????????????????? String
• ????????????????????????????????? I/O ???? Disk,
  Network sockets ???????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? exec
• ???????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????? Array
• ?????? Script ????????????????????????????????????
  ???
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???
• ???

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Tk Fundamentals

• ????????????????????????????????????????? Tk ???
  Tk ???????? 35 ????????? Tcl
  ?????????????????????????? widget ?? Graphic User
  Interface ????????????? Tk ?????????????? X
  window, Windows ??? Macintosh ????????????????????
  ??????????????????? platforms ????????????????????
  ??????

• Widget ??? ???????? (Window) ?????????????????????
  ????????? ????????????????????? ????? Widget ???
  Window ?????????????????? Widget ??????????????
  Buttons, Scrollbars, Menu ??? Text windows Tk
  ????? Canvas ???????????????????????????? ? ????
  Lines, Boxes ??? Bitmaps ???

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Tk Fundamentals

• Widgets ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ? (Geometry manager) ?????????????????????????????
  ????????????? Tk ??????????? ??????????
  ????????????? widget ???? ? ???????
  ????????????????? Geometry manager ??? frame
  ???????? widget ?????????????????? widgets ???? ?
  ?????? widgets ???? ? ????????????????????????????
  ???? frame ????????? frame ????? frame
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????

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Tk Fundamentals

• Tk widget-creation commands
• button, canvas, checkbutton, entry, frame, label,
  listbox, menu, menubutton, message, radiobutton,
  scale, scrollbar, spinbox, text ??? toplevel

• Tk widget-manipulation commands
• bell, bind, bindtages, clipboard, destroy, event,
  focus, font, grab, grid, image, lower, option,
  pack, place, raise, selection, send, tk, tkerror,
  tkwaite, update, winfo ??? wm

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Tk Fundamentals

• Hello, World!
• button .b -text Hello command put stdout
  Hello, World!
• pack .b padx 20 pady 10
• .b configure background Green font "CordiaUPC
  30 bold italic underline"

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? .b ??????????? ?????????? Hello
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????? ????? Hello, World! ??? standard
  output ?????????????????????????????
  ????????????? pack ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ??????????????????? 00ff00
  (RRGGBB) ?????????????????????? CordiaUPC ????
  30 ?????????????????? ????? ?????????????

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Tk Fundamentals

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ?????????????????????????????????? Hello,
  World! ??????????????????????????
• .b configure -command tk_messageBox -message
  "Hello, World!" \
• gt-type ok -title "Hello"
• ???????????????????????????????? \
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????

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Tk Fundamentals

• Widget ???????????????? cget ????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????
• .b cget background
• gt Green

• ???????????????????????????? Widget
  ?????????????????????????? configure
  ?????????????????? ? ???
• .b configure background
• gt -background background Background
  SystemButtonFace Green
• (Command-line switch, Resource name, Class name,
  Default value, Current value )

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Tcl Script Power
!/usr/local/bin/tcl8.0/unix/tclsh set base
lindex argv 0 set p lindex argv 1 set
result 1 puts "Program argv0 puts "Base
base puts "Power p while p gt 0 set
result expr resultbase set p expr
p-1 puts stdout "Result is result"
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Tk Script Power
This script for Wish compute power
basep proc power base p set result 1 while
p gt 0 set result expr result
base set p expr p - 1 return
result .
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??????????

• ??? ????????????. Tcl/Tk Part1 ????????????????
  ????? 18 ??????? 185 ??????? 2543. ????215-217.

• Avia Training and Consulting, LLC.
  http//www.avia-training.com/tcl-overview.html.
  online. 28-1-44.
• Eric Foster-Johnson. Graphical Applications with
  Tcl and Tk. http//www.pconline.com/erc/tclbook.h
  tm. online. 29-1-44
• Brent Welch. The 2nd Edition of Practical
  Programming in Tcl and Tk . http//www.beedub.com/
  book/2nd/booktoc.mif.html. online. 28-1-44.
• Tcl Developer Xchange. An Introduction to Tcl
  Syntax. http//www.scriptics.com/scripting/syntax.
  html. online. 28-1-44.
• Tcl Developer Xchange. Tcl Primer.
  http//www.scriptics.com/advocacy/primer.html.
  online. 28-1-44.

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