Minerals

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Quartz
Apatite
Diamond
hardness
color
Topaz
fracture
Gypsum
talc
Minerals
luster
Corundum
density
Orthoclase
Calcite
Fluorite
cleavage
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EQ What is a mineral?

• Standard S6E5.b
• Investigate the contribution of minerals to rock
  composition.

3
EQ What is a mineral?

• What are the characteristics of a mineral?
• What is a crystal, and what determines a
  crystals shape?
• Describe the two major groups of minerals.
• What is a native element?

4
Mineral Structure

• A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid
  that has a define crystalline structure.
• Minerals may be either elements or compounds.
• Elements are pure substances that cannot be
  broken down into simpler substances by ordinary
  means.
• A compound is a substance made of two or more
  different elements that have been joined together
  by a chemical bond.

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(5) Characteristics of Minerals

• Naturally Formed- must form naturally, not
  man-made
• Inorganic- cannot arise from materials that were
  once part of a living thing
• Solid- always solid, not a liquid or gas. It has
  a definite volume and a definite shape
• Crystalline Structure- particles must line up in
  a pattern that repeats over and over again
• Definite Chemical Composition- always contains
  certain elements in definite proportions. NaCl
  (salt)

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Mineral Structure

• A few minerals, such as gold and silver, are
  composed of only one element.
• A mineral that is composed of only one element is
  called a native element.
• Native elements are used in communications, and
  electronics equipment.

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What is a Mineral?
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Crystals

• A crystal is a solid whose atoms, ions, or
  molecules are arranged in a definite pattern.
• Crystals are solid, geometric forms produced by a
  repeating pattern of atoms or molecules that are
  present throughout the mineral.
• A crystals shape is determined by the
  arrangement of the atoms or molecules within the
  crystal.
• All minerals can be grouped into crystal classes
  according to the kinds of crystals they form.

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Crystalline Structure of a Mineral
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Two Groups of Minerals

• Minerals are divided into two groups based on
  their chemical composition.
• Silicate minerals are minerals that contain a
  combination of the elements silicon and oxygen
  (quartz, feldspar, mica).
• Silicate minerals make up over 90 of the Earths
  crust.
• Nonsilicate minerals are minerals that do not
  contain a combination of the elements silicon and
  oxygen ( copper, calcite, fluorite, corundum,
  gypsum, galena).

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Common Silicate Minerals
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Common Silicate Minerals
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Talking Time

• Discuss with your group what you observe about
  this rock.
• How many minerals do you think it has?
• What colors do you see in it?
• What else do you observe?

15
Talking Time

• Discuss with your group what you observe about
  this rock.
• How many minerals do you think it has?
• What colors do you see in it?
• What else do you observe?

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Classes of Nonsilicate Minerals
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Quick Check

• What are the two major groups of minerals?
• metallic and nonmetallic
• native elements and carbonates
• silicates and nonsilicates
• quartz and mica

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Quick Check

• Which of the following is NOT a
  characteristic of a mineral?
• a. It is formed in nature.
• b. It is a living material.
• c. It has a crystalline structure.
• d. It is a solid.

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Quick Check

• A mineral that contains a combination of
  silicon, oxygen, and other elements is a
• crystal.
• Silicate mineral.
• nonsilicate mineral.
• element.

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Quick Check

• Which of the following is a nonsilicate mineral?
• orthoclase, KASi3O8
• Talc, Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
• Almandine, Fe3Al2(SiO4)3
• Magnetite, Fe3O4

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Quick Check

• A solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are
  arranged in a definite pattern is called a
• a. silicate mineral
• b. element.
• c. Crystal.
• d. nonsilicate mineral.

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Quick Check

• A mineral that does not contain compounds of
  silicon and oxygen is called a
• a. mineral.
• b. silicate mineral.
• c. compound.
• d. Nonsilicate mineral.

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Quick Check

• A substance that cannot be separated or broken
  down into simpler substances by chemical means is
  called an
• a. Element.
• b. crystal.
• c. mineral.
• d. compound.

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Quick Check

• A naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a
  definite crystalline structure is called a
• a. silicate mineral.
• b. nonsilicate mineral.
• c. crystal.
• d. Mineral.

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Quick Check

• A substance made up of atoms of two or more
  different elements by chemical means is called a
• a. silicate mineral.
• b. mineral.
• c. Compound.
• d. element.