Regents%20Review%20South%20and%20Southeast%20Asia

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South and Southeast Asia
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Nations

• India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
  Myanmar (Burma) Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
  Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, and Singapore.
• Mainland South Asia a.k.a. the Subcontinent.
  (Size and mountains).

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Mountains

• Himalayas (Mt. Everest - 29,028 feet)
• Impassable until recent years.
• Khyber Pass
• Avenue for migrants and invasion.
• Deccan Plateau

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Rivers and ClimateSouth Asia

• Indus / Ganges
• Excellent for farming.
• Monsoons from the north.
• Floods or droughts.
• Grow wheat and rice in appropriate areas.

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Rivers and Climate Southeast Asia
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• Irrawaddy River and Chao Phraya River
• Mekong River in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
• Tropical zone suitable for growing
  rice,sugarcane, coffee, lumber and rubber.
• Monsoons bring 100 inches of rain.

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Indus Valley and Invasion
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• Agrarian (3000 - 1500 BC) civilizations supported
  urban centers.
• Introduced a system of writing.
• Aryans (1500 - 500 BC) introduced Sanskrit and
  Hinduism.
• Maurya (300 - 200 BC) dynasty unified Northern
  India and spread Buddhism.
• Gupta Empire (300 - 500 AD) Golden age of Indian
  Culture. Learning a t dozens of Indian colleges,
  advances in medicine. Pioneered the concepts of
  zero and the decimal.

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Hinduism
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• Polytheistic religion.
• Reincarnation
• Karma is the force generated by actions or deeds.
• Dharma rules or religious duties Hindu must
  exercise.

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Social Structure

• The Caste System
• Social groups into which one is born.
• Hundreds of castes.
• Highest are the Brahmans, lowest are the
  untouchables.

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• Determined occupation, wealth, and status.
• Indian constitution bans discrimination.

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Buddhism
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• Founder Siddhartha Guatama.
• All forms of human suffering were born out of
  materialistic desires.
• Give up worldly desires, people achieve Nirvana.

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• Incorporates Karma and Dharma.
• Became a major force in Southeast Asia, China,
  Japan, and Korea.

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Islam
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• 8th century, Islam introduced to South Asia.
• Dominant religion in Pakistan and Bangladesh.
• Muslim invaders slaughtered 100,000s of Hindus.
• Religious differences created conflict.

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• Muslims worship only one God Hindus worship
  many.
• Muslims eat all meats other than pork Hindus
  are vegetarian, refuse to eat beef, and regard
  the cow as sacred.
• Muslims believe in social equality, Hindus
  developed the caste system.

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The Mogul Empire(1506 - 1757)

• Introduced Islam into southern India.
• Built the Taj Mahal as a tomb for kings wife.

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Sikhism

• Elements of Hinduism and Islam
• Reject Caste system
• 5th largest religion
• Seeks independence

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Southeast Asia Civilizations

• Traveling monks and merchants brought three
  religions.
• Chinese brought Confucianism.

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The British in India

• British East India Company.
• Sepoy Mutiny (1857)
• British government controlled India after.
• British adopt a policy of divide and conquer.

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Changes Resulting From British Imperialism

• Railroads.
• Irrigation systems
• Schools
• Medication and sanitation
• Indians as soldiers

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Indian Nationalism

• Resent British rule.
• Western values taught (democracy,
  self-determination)
• Indian National Congress (Hindus) and Ghandi.
• Muslim League (Mohammed Ali Jinnah)

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Mohandis Ghandi

• Mahatma - Great One.
• Used non-violent means of protest.
• Civil disobedience refusal to obey the laws one
  felt unjust.

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• March to the Sea
• Fasting
• Urged boycott and cottage industry

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Indian Independence (1947)

• World War II.
• Halt protests during war for independence after
  the war.
• Violence between Muslims and Hindus.

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• Hindu fanatic assassinated Ghandi.
• Sub-continent divided into three parts, India,
  East and west Pakistan.

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Problems of Indian Independence

• India adopted parliamentary democracy. Nehru was
  the first prime minister.
• Policy of non - alignment.
• Religious and cultural differences.

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• Forced migrations.
• Both India and Pakistan claimed Kashmir.
• Sikh minority want autonomy from India.
  Assassinated Indira Ghandi.

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Indian Society
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• Indian population 900 million.
• Limited resources.
• Supports birth control and voluntary
  sterilization.
• Urbanization loses touch with traditions.
• Weakening of arranged marriages and caste system.

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Indias Economy

• Partially socialistic.
• Green revolution in agriculture.
• Dependence on foreign capital.

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Colonialism in Southeast Asia
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• France wanted to reestablish colonies in
  Indochina..
• Ho Chi Minh lead a guerrilla war against France.
• Lose at the battle of Dien Bien Phu, French
  withdrew.
• Anti - communist government controlled the south.

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Miscellaneous

• War in Vietnam
• Cambodian Genocide (1975)
• Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia.
• 1991, UN arranged agreement between Cambodian
  government and Khmer Rouge.