Muscular System

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Muscular System

• MUSCLES----MOVE
• Structures in the body

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Functions of the Muscular System

• Moves blood through the body
• By the pumping action of the heart.

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Functions of the Muscular system

• Moves food through the digestive system

• Moves air in and out of the lungs

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Functions of the Muscular System

• Moves the bones

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Functions of The Muscular SystemReview

• Pumps blood through the body
• Moves food through the digestive system
• Moves air in and out of the lungs
• Moves the bones

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How do muscles move?

• Triggering action of nerve impulses

Nervous system (Brain and nerves) send a message
to the muscles
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Voluntary Movement

• Some muscles move by conscious control.

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Involuntary Movement

• Movement occurs automatically without thinking

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3 Types of Muscle

• Types of muscle

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3 Types of Muscle

• Smooth Muscle acts on the lining of the bodys
  passageways and hollow internal organs
• - found inside digestive tract, lining of blood
  vessels
• - INVOLUNTARY you cannot control the movement!

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Types of Muscles

• Cardiac Muscle muscle that forms the walls of
  the heart
• - responsible for the contraction of your heart
• - INVOLUNTARY!

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Types of Muscles

• Skeletal Muscle muscles attached to bone that
  cause body movements.
• - VOLUNTARY control!

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Review---Types of Muscle

• Smooth- Internal organs- Digestive System,
  Bladder, and Blood Vessels
• Cardiac- Heart
• Skeletal- On the bones. Body has over 600
  skeletal muscles. Muscles attach to bones by
  bands of tissue called tendons.

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Muscles work in pairs

• Muscles work by two complementary actions
• When one muscle works or contracts (shortens in
  length)
• Its opposing muscle relaxes
• (lengthens)

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Muscles work in pairs

• Action of working muscles

When one muscle contracts or shortens
Its opposing muscle relaxes
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Working muscle pairs
biceps
triceps
Hamstrings (red)
Quadriceps (green)
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Skeletal muscle structure

• A muscle is composed of bundles of fibers.
• Major muscles are made up of hundreds of bundles

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Skeletal muscle

• A muscle is composed of bundles of fibers.
• Major muscles are made up of hundreds of bundles.
• Muscles grow by increasing the size of the fibers
  not by the number of fibers.
• When muscles are not used they shrink or
  ATROPHY!!
• Muscles increase in size or HYPERTROPHY by
  exercising.

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Classification of Muscles

• Type of action they perform.
• Flexors Bend or close a joint

Biceps femoris (hamstring) flex knee
Biceps brachii Flex elbow
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Classification of muscles

• Extensors- straighten or open a joint

Triceps extend elbow
Quadriceps extend knee
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Muscles named by

• Position on body- Anterior (front)

Attachment to bone (tibia)
Anterior tibialis
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Muscles named by size

• Gluteus Maximus
• Gluteus Minimus
• Gluteus medius

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Muscles named by

• Number of muscles in the group

Bicep (2)
Tricep (3)
Quadricep (4)
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Muscles named by

• The shape of the muscle

Deltoid muscle
Trapezius
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Problems of the Muscular System

• Muscular strain
• Bruises (contusion)
• Tendonitis
• Hernia
• Muscular Dystrophy

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Muscle Strain

• A stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

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Tendonitis

• Inflammation of the tendon
• Caused by repetitive motions
• Symptoms- pain, swelling, redness, limited
  motion.

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Hernia

• A protrusion of an organ or tissue through a area
  of weak muscle.

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Muscular Dystrophy

• Muscular Dystrophy
• genetic
• progressive wasting away of muscle tissue
• crippling in nature
• several types

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Bruises or Contusion

• Bleeding into the muscle tissue

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Care of the Muscular System

• Exercise- increases muscle tone and strength.
• Healthy diet- include quality protein meat,
  fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, seeds and
  legumes.
• Maintain flexibility- by properly warming up,
  stretching and cooling down.

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Care of muscular system
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Care of the Muscular System

• Use equipment properly during physical activity
• Avoid over use of muscles
• Practice good posture

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Major Muscles
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Anatomy views of muscles

• Anterior (front)
  Posterior (back)

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Anterior Muscles
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Posterior muscles
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Abdominals
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Anatomy is easy---When you know key terms

• Anterior- refers to front
• Posterior- refers to back
• Medial- refers to inside close to middle
• Lateral- refers to outside away from middle
• Dorsal- on the back surface
• Superior- refers to top
• Inferior- refers to below
• Proximal- refers to the closest point
• Distal- refers to the point farthest away.