The Thinking Process

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• The Thinking Process
• Personal Belief ? Philosophy ? Science
• Can the Process be Inverted?
• Not Logically, But it is Happening.
• Science ? Philosophy ? Personal Belief

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• Naturalism is Today- By History, Philosophy, and
  Purpose- An Essential part of Science.
• Steven D. Schafersman
• Naturalism is, ironically, a controversial
  philosophy. Our modern civilization depends
  totally for its existence and future survival on
  the methods and fruits of science, naturalism is
  the philosophy that science created and that
  science now follows with such success

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• The Following Polls were taken over many years.
  The objective was to relate trends in Science to
  Personal Beliefs.
• A. 1914 James Leuba polled 400 scientists
• 1. Do you believe in a God with intellectual
  and affective communication with mankind?
• 27.7 Yes 52.7 No 20.9 Agnostic

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• 2. Do you believe in personal immortality?
• 35.2 Yes 25.4 No 43.7 Agnostic

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• B. 1933 James Leuba conducted the same poll.
• 1. Do you believe in a God with intellectual
  and affective communication with mankind?
• 15 Yes 68 No 17 Agnostic
• (27.7) (52.7) (20.9) 1914

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• 2. Do you believe in personal immortality?
• 18 Yes 52 No 29 Agnostic
• (35.2) (25.4) (43.7) 1914

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• C. 1998 Edward Larson Larry Witham
  conducted the same poll as James Leuba.
• 1. Do you believe in a God with
  intellectual and affective communication with
  mankind?
• 7 Yes 72.2 No 20.8 Agnostic
• (15) (68) (17) 1933
• (27.7) (52.7) (20.9) 1914

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• 2. Do you believe in personal immortality?
• 7.9 Yes 76.7 No 23.2 Agnostic
• (18) (52) (29) 1933
• (35.2) (25.4) (43.7) 1914

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• D. 2003 Cornell Evolution Project
• This was a poll of 149 scientists that
  answered 17 questions that broke the beliefs down
  into more exact categories.
• 1. 78 described themselves as
• Naturalists.
• 2. 2 described themselves as
• Naturalists/Theists.
• 3. 1 described themselves as
• Theists/Naturalists.
• 4. 1 described themselves as Theists.

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• A Summary of the Polls
• 1. Do you believe in a God with intellectual
  and affective communication with mankind?
• Yes No Agnostic
  Year
• 27.7 52.7 20.9 1914
• 15 68 17 1933
• 7 72.2 20.8 1998
• 1-2 78-80 2-3 2003

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• 2. Do you believe in personal immortality?
• Yes No Agnostic
  Year
• 35.2 25.4 43.7 1914
• 18 52 29
  1933
• 7.9 76.7 23.2 1998
• 1-4 78-80 1-3 2003

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• A Timeline of Science
• 1800s Creation taught in public schools.
• 1859 Charles Darwin publishes Origin of Species,
  Evolution is launched public.
• 1871 Charles Darwin publishes The Descent of Man
  (from Apes).
• 1870s Schools begin teaching both.
• 1920s Conservative Christians oppose the
  teaching of Evolution.

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• 1925 Scopes trial. Teacher prosecuted for
  teaching Evolution.
• 1930s Evolution gaining more support.
• 1981 National Center for Science Education
  founded to advocate teaching of Evolution in
  public schools.
• 1982 McLean vs. Arkansas. Law struck down
  that required teaching of Creation along side of
  Evolution.

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• 2005 Kitzmiller vs. Dover. Intelligent Design
  (Creationism) prohibited in public high school
  biology curriculum.
• 2007 Kansas Board of Education overturns
  ruling allowing public school students to hear
  criticisms of Evolution.
• As Evolution becomes more entrenched, the
  belief in God diminishes Why is that?

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