Halliday/Resnick/Walker Fundamentals of Physics 8th edition

1
Halliday/Resnick/WalkerFundamentals of Physics
8th edition

• Classroom Response System Questions

Chapter 13 Gravitation
Reading Quiz Questions
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13.2.1. Complete the following statement Near
the surface of the earth, the weight of an object
a) is the same as the mass of the object. b)
is the gravitational force of the earth on the
object. c) has the same value regardless of the
altitude above the surface of the earth. d) has
the same value regardless of the mass of the
object.
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13.2.1. Complete the following statement Near
the surface of the earth, the weight of an object
a) is the same as the mass of the object. b)
is the gravitational force of the earth on the
object. c) has the same value regardless of the
altitude above the surface of the earth. d) has
the same value regardless of the mass of the
object.
4
13.2.2. A rock is thrown straight up from the
earth's surface. Which one of the following
statements concerning the net force acting on the
rock at the top of its path is true? a) It is
instantaneously equal to zero newtons. b) It is
greater than the weight of the rock. c) It is
less than the weight of the rock, but greater
than zero newtons. d) Its direction changes
from up to down. e) It is equal to the weight
of the rock.
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13.2.2. A rock is thrown straight up from the
earth's surface. Which one of the following
statements concerning the net force acting on the
rock at the top of its path is true? a) It is
instantaneously equal to zero newtons. b) It is
greater than the weight of the rock. c) It is
less than the weight of the rock, but greater
than zero newtons. d) Its direction changes
from up to down. e) It is equal to the weight
of the rock.
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13.2.3. Two objects with masses m and M are
separated by a distance d. If the distance
between the objects is increased to 4d, how does
the gravitational force between them change? a)
The force will be one-half as great. b) The
force will be one-forth as great. c) The force
will be one-sixteenth as great. d) The force
will be four times as great. e) The force will
be sixteen times as great.
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13.2.3. Two objects with masses m and M are
separated by a distance d. If the distance
between the objects is increased to 4d, how does
the gravitational force between them change? a)
The force will be one-half as great. b) The
force will be one-forth as great. c) The force
will be one-sixteenth as great. d) The force
will be four times as great. e) The force will
be sixteen times as great.
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13.2.4. Two objects with masses m and M are
separated by a distance d. If the separation d
remains fixed and the masses of the objects are
increased to the values 3m and 3M respectively,
how does the gravitational force between them
change? a) The force will be nine times as
great. b) The force will be three times as
great. c) The force will be one-third as
great. d) The force will be one-ninth as
great. e) It is impossible to determine without
knowing the numerical values of m, M, and d.
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13.2.4. Two objects with masses m and M are
separated by a distance d. If the separation d
remains fixed and the masses of the objects are
increased to the values 3m and 3M respectively,
how does the gravitational force between them
change? a) The force will be nine times as
great. b) The force will be three times as
great. c) The force will be one-third as
great. d) The force will be one-ninth as
great. e) It is impossible to determine without
knowing the numerical values of m, M, and d.
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13.2.5. Which one of the following statements
concerning the two "gravitational constants" G,
the universal gravitational constant, and g the
magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity is
true? a) The values of g and G depend on
location. b) The values of g and G do not
depend on location. c) The value of g is the
same everywhere in the universe, but the value of
G is not. d) The values of g and G are equal on
the surface of any planet, but in general, vary
with location in the universe. e) The value of
G is the same everywhere in the universe, but the
value of g is not.
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13.2.5. Which one of the following statements
concerning the two "gravitational constants" G,
the universal gravitational constant, and g the
magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity is
true? a) The values of g and G depend on
location. b) The values of g and G do not
depend on location. c) The value of g is the
same everywhere in the universe, but the value of
G is not. d) The values of g and G are equal on
the surface of any planet, but in general, vary
with location in the universe. e) The value of
G is the same everywhere in the universe, but the
value of g is not.
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13.2.6. Which one of the following statements
best explains why the weight of an object of mass
m is different on Mars than it is on the
Earth? a) The mass of Mars is different from
that of Earth. b) The mass m is further from
the Earth's center when it is on Mars. c) The
mass and radius of Mars are both less than those
of Earth. d) The mass m will be different on
Mars. e) The constant G is different on Mars.
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13.2.6. Which one of the following statements
best explains why the weight of an object of mass
m is different on Mars than it is on the
Earth? a) The mass of Mars is different from
that of Earth. b) The mass m is further from
the Earth's center when it is on Mars. c) The
mass and radius of Mars are both less than those
of Earth. d) The mass m will be different on
Mars. e) The constant G is different on Mars.
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13.2.7. The magnitude of the gravitational force
is related to the distance between two objects.
Which of the following choices gives the correct
relationship between the distance r and the
gravitational force? a) r b) r2 c) 1/r d)
1/r2 e) r?1/2
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13.2.7. The magnitude of the gravitational force
is related to the distance between two objects.
Which of the following choices gives the correct
relationship between the distance r and the
gravitational force? a) r b) r2 c) 1/r d)
1/r2 e) r?1/2
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13.2.8. Consider the objects of various masses
indicated below. The objects are each separated
from another object by the distance indicated.
In which of these situations is the gravitational
force exerted on the two objects the largest? a)
1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 2 and 3 e) 1, 2,
and 3
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13.2.8. Consider the objects of various masses
indicated below. The objects are each separated
from another object by the distance indicated.
In which of these situations is the gravitational
force exerted on the two objects the largest? a)
1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 2 and 3 e) 1, 2,
and 3
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13.3.1. Given a collection of particles, through
what process would one determine the net
gravitational force on one of the particles due
to the others? a) If the number of particles is
odd, then the net force on the particle will be
zero since every other particle is paired with
another particle. b) The gravitational force of
the particle nearest the particle will exert the
greatest force and the others are negligible. c)
Calculate the gravitational force of each
particle on the given particle and add them
together as vectors to find the net force. d)
Calculate the gravitational force of each
particle on the given particle and use the vector
cross product to find the net force. e)
Multiply the mass of the particle by 9.8 m/s2.
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13.3.1. Given a collection of particles, through
what process would one determine the net
gravitational force on one of the particles due
to the others? a) If the number of particles is
odd, then the net force on the particle will be
zero since every other particle is paired with
another particle. b) The gravitational force of
the particle nearest the particle will exert the
greatest force and the others are negligible. c)
Calculate the gravitational force of each
particle on the given particle and add them
together as vectors to find the net force. d)
Calculate the gravitational force of each
particle on the given particle and use the vector
cross product to find the net force. e)
Multiply the mass of the particle by 9.8 m/s2.
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13.3.2. Consider a system of particles, each of
mass m. In which one of the following
configurations is the net gravitational force on
Particle A the largest? The horizontal or
vertical spacing between particles is the same in
each case. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 3 and
4 are equally large
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13.3.2. Consider a system of particles, each of
mass m. In which one of the following
configurations is the net gravitational force on
Particle A the largest? The horizontal or
vertical spacing between particles is the same in
each case. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 3 and
4 are equally large
22
13.4.1. Which one of the following choices is not
a reason why the acceleration due to gravity g
does not have the same value, 9.8 m/s2,
everywhere on the surface of the Earth? a) The
Earth is rotating about its axis. b) The value
of g depends on where the moon is in its
orbit. c) The Earth is not spherical. d) The
material from which the Earth is composed is not
uniformly distributed and is not of uniform
density.
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13.4.1. Which one of the following choices is not
a reason why the acceleration due to gravity g
does not have the same value, 9.8 m/s2,
everywhere on the surface of the Earth? a) The
Earth is rotating about its axis. b) The value
of g depends on where the moon is in its
orbit. c) The Earth is not spherical. d) The
material from which the Earth is composed is not
uniformly distributed and is not of uniform
density.
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13.4.2. Consider an astronaut aboard the
International Space Station in orbit around the
Earth. Which one of the following statements
concerning the gravitational force on the
astronaut is true? a) The astronaut experiences
a gravitational force that is equal to zero
newtons. b) The net gravitational force on the
astronaut due to the Earth and the moon is equal
to zero newtons. c) The astronaut experiences a
gravitational force and a centripetal force of
equal magnitude, but in opposite directions, so
the net force on the astronaut is zero
newtons. d) The astronaut experiences a
gravitational force that is less than at the
surface of the Earth, but it is greater than zero
newtons. e) The astronaut experiences a
gravitational force that is the same at that at
the surface of the Earth.
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13.4.2. Consider an astronaut aboard the
International Space Station in orbit around the
Earth. Which one of the following statements
concerning the gravitational force on the
astronaut is true? a) The astronaut experiences
a gravitational force that is equal to zero
newtons. b) The net gravitational force on the
astronaut due to the Earth and the moon is equal
to zero newtons. c) The astronaut experiences a
gravitational force and a centripetal force of
equal magnitude, but in opposite directions, so
the net force on the astronaut is zero
newtons. d) The astronaut experiences a
gravitational force that is less than at the
surface of the Earth, but it is greater than zero
newtons. e) The astronaut experiences a
gravitational force that is the same at that at
the surface of the Earth.
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13.5.1. Hypothetically speaking, if an object
were located at the center of the Earth, the
gravitational force on that object of due to the
surrounding Earth, assuming matter is uniformly
distributed, would have which of the following
values? a) The force would be approximately the
same value as if the object were on the surface
of the Earth. b) The force would be much
greater than the value if the object were on the
surface of the Earth. c) The force would be
somewhat less than the value if the object was on
the surface of the Earth, but it would be greater
than zero newtons. d) The force would be zero
newtons.
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13.5.1. Hypothetically speaking, if an object
were located at the center of the Earth, the
gravitational force on that object of due to the
surrounding Earth, assuming matter is uniformly
distributed, would have which of the following
values? a) The force would be approximately the
same value as if the object were on the surface
of the Earth. b) The force would be much
greater than the value if the object were on the
surface of the Earth. c) The force would be
somewhat less than the value if the object was on
the surface of the Earth, but it would be greater
than zero newtons. d) The force would be zero
newtons.
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13.5.2. Consider the Earth with its mass
non-uniformly distributed. Now imagine the
hypothetical situation in which a shaft was
constructed deep into the Earths interior.
Which of the following observations concerning
the gravitational force on a particle descending
the shaft would be true? a) The net
gravitational force on the particle would
continually decrease as the particle descends the
shaft. b) The net gravitational force on the
particle would continually increase as the
particle descends the shaft. c) The net
gravitational force on the particle would
initially increase as the particle descends the
shaft, but then decrease as it continues its
descent. d) The net gravitational force on the
particle would initially decrease as the particle
descends the shaft, but then increase as it
continues its descent. e) At any point below
the surface of the Earth, the net gravitational
force on the particle would be equal to zero
newtons.
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13.5.2. Consider the Earth with its mass
non-uniformly distributed. Now imagine the
hypothetical situation in which a shaft was
constructed deep into the Earths interior.
Which of the following observations concerning
the gravitational force on a particle descending
the shaft would be true? a) The net
gravitational force on the particle would
continually decrease as the particle descends the
shaft. b) The net gravitational force on the
particle would continually increase as the
particle descends the shaft. c) The net
gravitational force on the particle would
initially increase as the particle descends the
shaft, but then decrease as it continues its
descent. d) The net gravitational force on the
particle would initially decrease as the particle
descends the shaft, but then increase as it
continues its descent. e) At any point below
the surface of the Earth, the net gravitational
force on the particle would be equal to zero
newtons.
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13.6.1. The magnitude of the gravitational
potential energy is related to the distance from
an object of mass M. Which of the following
choices gives the correct relationship between
the distance r and the gravitational potential
energy? a) r b) r2 c) 1/r d) 1/r2 e)
r?1/2
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13.6.1. The magnitude of the gravitational
potential energy is related to the distance from
an object of mass M. Which of the following
choices gives the correct relationship between
the distance r and the gravitational potential
energy? a) r b) r2 c) 1/r d) 1/r2 e)
r?1/2
32
13.6.2. Consider the objects of various masses
indicated below. The objects are each separated
from another object by the distance indicated.
In which of these situations is the gravitational
potential energy of the two objects the
smallest? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 2 and
3 e) 1, 2, and 3
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13.6.2. Consider the objects of various masses
indicated below. The objects are each separated
from another object by the distance indicated.
In which of these situations is the gravitational
potential energy of the two objects the
smallest? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 2 and
3 e) 1, 2, and 3
34
13.7.1. Which one of the following statements
concerning Keplers Law of Orbits is true? a)
All planets move in elliptical orbits, with the
Sun at one focus. b) All planets move in
circular orbits, with the Sun at the center. c)
All planets move in elliptical orbits, with the
planet at one focus. d) All planets move in
circular orbits around the center of mass of the
solar system. e) All planets move in helical
orbits, with the Sun at one end of the helix.
35
13.7.1. Which one of the following statements
concerning Keplers Law of Orbits is true? a)
All planets move in elliptical orbits, with the
Sun at one focus. b) All planets move in
circular orbits, with the Sun at the center. c)
All planets move in elliptical orbits, with the
planet at one focus. d) All planets move in
circular orbits around the center of mass of the
solar system. e) All planets move in helical
orbits, with the Sun at one end of the helix.
36
13.7.2. Which one of the following statements
represents the Law of Areas? a) In their orbits
about the Sun, every planet sweeps out the same
equal area in the same equal amount of time. b)
A line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps
out equal areas in the plane of the planets
orbit in equal time intervals. c) The surface
area of a planet is directly proportional to the
square of its orbit about the Sun. d) Every
planet sweeps out the same area in a one Earth
year period, making one complete orbit about the
Sun. e) The area swept by the orbit of the Sun
is equal to the sum of the areas swept by the
planets during one Earth year period.
37
13.7.2. Which one of the following statements
represents the Law of Areas? a) In their orbits
about the Sun, every planet sweeps out the same
equal area in the same equal amount of time. b)
A line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps
out equal areas in the plane of the planets
orbit in equal time intervals. c) The surface
area of a planet is directly proportional to the
square of its orbit about the Sun. d) Every
planet sweeps out the same area in a one Earth
year period, making one complete orbit about the
Sun. e) The area swept by the orbit of the Sun
is equal to the sum of the areas swept by the
planets during one Earth year period.
38
13.7.3. Which one of the following statements
represents the Law of Periods? a) The orbital
period of a satellite in orbit of a planet is
inversely proportional to its mass. b) The
period of a planet in its orbit about the Sun is
directly proportional to the radius of its
orbit. c) The rotational period of the Sun
equals the sum of the rotational periods of the
planets. d) Every planet sweeps out the same
area in a one Earth year period, making one
complete orbit about the Sun. e) The square of
the period of any planet is proportional to the
cube of the semimajor axis of its orbit.
39
13.7.3. Which one of the following statements
represents the Law of Periods? a) The orbital
period of a satellite in orbit of a planet is
inversely proportional to its mass. b) The
period of a planet in its orbit about the Sun is
directly proportional to the radius of its
orbit. c) The rotational period of the Sun
equals the sum of the rotational periods of the
planets. d) Every planet sweeps out the same
area in a one Earth year period, making one
complete orbit about the Sun. e) The square of
the period of any planet is proportional to the
cube of the semimajor axis of its orbit.
40
13.8.1. Consider the orbits shown in the drawing.
Each of the orbits has the same length semimajor
axis, but differs in the eccentricities, which
are given. In which of these orbits would an
object have the greatest total mechanical energy,
if any? a) All of the orbits have the same
total energy. b) e 0 c) e 0.5 d) e
0.8 e) e 0.9
41
13.8.1. Consider the orbits shown in the drawing.
Each of the orbits has the same length semimajor
axis, but differs in the eccentricities, which
are given. In which of these orbits would an
object have the greatest total mechanical energy,
if any? a) All of the orbits have the same
total energy. b) e 0 c) e 0.5 d) e
0.8 e) e 0.9
42
13.9.1. Which one of the following statements
describes the Principle of Equivalence? a)
Objects in two different reference frames are
equivalent. b) The square of the period of a
planet is proportional to the cube of the
planets semi-major axis. c) All motion is
relative. d) All planets move in equivalent
elliptical orbits. e) Acceleration and
gravitation are equivalent.
43
13.9.1. Which one of the following statements
describes the Principle of Equivalence? a)
Objects in two different reference frames are
equivalent. b) The square of the period of a
planet is proportional to the cube of the
planets semi-major axis. c) All motion is
relative. d) All planets move in equivalent
elliptical orbits. e) Acceleration and
gravitation are equivalent.
44
13.9.2. To which one of the following is gravity
equivalent, according to the Principle of
Equivalence? a) velocity b) free-fall c)
net force d) acceleration e) energy
45
13.9.2. To which one of the following is gravity
equivalent, according to the Principle of
Equivalence? a) velocity b) free-fall c)
net force d) acceleration e) energy