Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure
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Gold is an element.
An element is a substance which cannot be broken
down into simpler substances under normal
circumstances.
This means that if you break gold down into
smaller and smaller pieces, it will still be
gold.
Gold is made of nothing . . . but gold.
3
Salt is not an element.
Salt can be broken down into simpler
substances--sodium and chlorine.
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Gold cannot be broken down into any other
substances.
The smallest, tiniest piece of gold
is an atom of gold.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element.
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The smallest particle or piece of gold is an
atom of gold.
Carbon is also an element.
The smallest particle of carbon is an atom of
carbon.
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All atoms have 2 common structures
nucleus
energy level(s)
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Each structure is made of subparticles.
energy level
protons
nucleus
electrons
neutrons
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
is that atoms atomic number.
Carbon has 6 protons. The atomic number of
carbon is 6.
Gold has 79 protons. The atomic number of gold
is ___.
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons
in the nucleus of an atom is its atomic mass.
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To find the number of neutrons in an atom,
subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass.
16 Atomic mass (protons neutrons) - 8 Atomic
number (protons) ___ 8 Number of neutrons
10
8
Protons
8
Atomic Number
8
Neutrons
16
Atomic Mass
2
Energy Levels
oxygen atom
8
Electrons
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So far, there are over 100 known elements. A
summary of each elements atomic structure is
found in the Periodic Table of Elements.
more about that later . . .
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An example of an entry in the periodic table.
atomic number
7
state of matter
N
element symbol
nitrogen
element name
atomic mass
14.007
7
How many electrons?
7
How many protons?
7
How many neutrons?
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The atomic mass can rounded to the nearest whole
number or like GOOD chemist, deal with the
decimals. We are inbetween we drop the decimals.
14.007 to 14 26.560 to 27
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You Practice!!
Use your Periodic Table to help you.
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An example of an entry in the periodic table.
atomic number
state of matter
Ca
element symbol
__________
element name
atomic mass
________
___
How many electrons?
___
How many protons?
___
How many neutrons?
16
An example of an entry in the periodic table.
atomic number
30
state of matter
______
element symbol
___________
element name
atomic mass
________
____
How many electrons?
____
How many protons?
____
How many neutrons?
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An example of an entry in the periodic table.
atomic number
__
state of matter
____
element symbol
__________
element name
atomic mass
________
____
How many electrons?
17
How many protons?
____
How many neutrons?
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An example of an entry in the periodic table.
atomic number
56
state of matter
____ ____
element symbol
element name
atomic mass
________
____
How many electrons?
____
How many protons?
____
How many neutrons?