The West and the World

1
The West and the World

• Technology
• Deep, round-hulled ships.
• Improved metalwork allowed ships to carry better
  armament.
• Compass and mapmaking.

2
Portugal and Spain

• 1434 Portugal sails south along Africa. In 1488
  they pass the Cape of Good Hope.
• Vasco da Gama reaches India in 1497.
• 1514 they reach Indonesia and China.
• 1542 Arrive in Japan and begin Catholic
  missionary work.

3
Portugal and Spain

• Fortresses established in African and Asian ports
  by the Portuguese.
• Spanish follow. Columbus reaches the Americas in
  1492, thinks hes in India.
• Spain gives papal approval for its claims over
  most of Latin America. Gives Brazil to Portugal.
• Magellan (Spanish) 1519 circles the globe.

4
Northern Europe

• 16th century exploration initiative moves north.
  Britain, Holland, France.
• They had improved oceanic vessel design while S/P
  were busy setting up colonies.
• British naval victory over Spain in 1588 left
  general ocean dominance to northern nations.

5
Northern Europe

• French go to Canada 1543.
• British--North America 1497.
• Dutch go to Americas and won control of Indonesia
  from the Portuguese and then settle in Africa
  (Cape of Good Hope).
• French, Dutch, and British traders received
  government-awarded monopolies of trade, but they
  acted without supervision.
• Gained profits and acted like independent
  political entities.

6
World Economy

• Three major consequences.
• New international pool for exchanges of food,
  diseases and manufactured products.
• Forming of a more inclusive world economy.
• Opening of some parts of the world to Western
  colonization.

7
Columbian Exchange

• International interaction facilitated the spread
  of disease
• Native Americans and Polynesians, lacking natural
  immunities to small pox and measles, died in huge
  numbers.
• In the Americas, Europeans forged new populations
  from their own peoples and through importation of
  African slaves
• New World crops spread rapidly.

8
Columbian Exchange

• American corn and the potato became important in
  Europe.
• Corn and sweet potato changed life in China and
  Africa.
• Major population increases.
• Use of Tobacco, sugar and coffee became
  widespread in Europe.
• European and Asian animals passed to the New
  World.

9
World Trade

• Westerners dont replace all rivals. Asian
  shipping in East, Muslim traders in East Africa
  and Turks in Mediterranean.
• Little inland territory was conquered in Africa
  or Asia. Europeans established ports and
  contacts with inland traders
• World economy dominated by Europeans.
• Spanish and Portugal briefly held leadership, but
  their economies and banking systems could not
  meet new demands

10
World Trade

• England, Holland and France established more
  durable economies.
• Expanded manufacturing operations to meet new
  market conditions
• Mercantilism protected home markets and supported
  exports
• Tariff policies discouraged competition from
  colonies and foreign rivals.

11
World Trade

• Areas other than Europe became dependent as
  producers and suppliers of low-cost raw
  materials.
• In return they received European manufactured
  items.
• Africa enters as a slave supplier .