Pregnancy

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Pregnancy
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Sexual Intercourse

• The reproductive process in which the penis is
  inserted into the vagina and through which a new
  human life may begin

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Fertilization/Conception

• The union of the egg and sperm that takes place
  in the fallopian tubes

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Zygote

• The genetic material of the egg and sperm
  combined to form one cell

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Implantation

• The attachment of the fertilized egg to the
  uterus
• The egg is now known as a blastocyte, attaches to
  one of the walls in the upper 1/3 of the uterus
• This happens within 3 to 5 days of fertilization
• Once implantation has happened a women is said to
  be pregnant

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Implantation
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Embryo

• The term for a developing pregnancy from
  fertilization to the end of week eight

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Endometrium

• The lining of the uterus

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Placenta

• An organ that develops in the uterus during
  pregnancy
• The placenta provides nourishment and oxygen to
  the growing baby and removes waste
• Some refer to it as the afterbirth because it is
  excreted from the body following the birth of the
  baby
• Most substances are passed from the mother
  through the placenta to the baby

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Amniotic Fluid

• The watery substance that surrounds the growing
  fetus during its time in the womb
• The fluid helps to cushion the baby from outside
  force

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Amniocentesis

• A medical procedure used for prenatal diagnosis,
  in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is
  extracted from the amniotic fluid around a
  developing fetus

• It is usually offered when there may be an
  increased risk for genetic defects in the
  pregnancy.
• Early amniocentesis can be performed as early as
  13 weeks gestation
• Standard amniocentesis is usually performed
  between 15 and 20 weeks gestation

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Ultrasound

• used to visualize the embryo or fetus in its
  mother's uterus (womb)
• The procedure is often a standard part of
  prenatal care, as it yields a variety of
  information regarding the health of the mother
  and of the fetus, as well as regarding the
  progress of the pregnancy.

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Umbilical Cord

• A hollow rope-like tube that connects the embryo
  to the placenta
• The placenta carries nutrients and oxygen to the
  baby and takes waste away

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First Trimester

• The 1st 14 weeks of pregnancy
• The most important trimester because this is when
  the vital structures are forming
• The embryo develops all of its organs and grows
  to about 1.5 inches
• The heart, brain, lungs, eyes, arms, and legs
  have formed not all of them are fully
  functional
• The placenta and umbilical cord are also formed
  during this time

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Second Trimester

• Months 4-6 of pregnancy
• The organs continue to develop and movement can
  be felt by month 4
• The heartbeat can be heard
• The fetus recognized voices and it grows hair and
  nails
• By the end of the 2nd trimester the fetus is
  about 14-15 inches long and about 2 pounds

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Third Trimester

• Months 7-9 of pregnancy
• The fetus gains most of its weight during this
  trimester and is able to grasp objects as well as
  open and close its eyes

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Fetus

• A developing human, from the start of the ninth
  week of pregnancy until delivery

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Labor/Natural Birth

• the culmination of a human pregnancy with the
  emergence of a newborn infant/s from the mother's
  uterus.
• Natural Birth which is most common is when the
  baby is delivered through the vagina
• First stage contractions/dilation
• Second stage delivery
• Third stage placenta/afterbirth

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Labor/Natural Birth
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Breech Birth

• refers to the position of the baby in the uterus
  such that it will be delivered buttocks first as
  opposed to the normal head first position.

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Caesarean Birth

• A caesarean section or c-section, is a form of
  childbirth in which a surgical incision is made
  through a mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver
  one or more babies
• It is usually performed when a vaginal delivery
  would put the baby or mothers life at risk,
  although in the last decade it has been performed
  upon request.

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Vernix

• Vernix is the waxy or "cheesy" white substance
  found coating the skin of newborn humans
• Vernix is the Latin word for "varnish." The
  vernix (or "varnish"), "varnishes" the baby.
• Vernix is composed of sebum (the oil of the skin)
  and cells that have sloughed off the fetus' skin.

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Fontanelle

• Fontanelles are soft spots on a baby's head
  which, during birth, enable the soft bony plates
  of the skull to flex, allowing the head to pass
  through the birth canal
• Fontanelles are usually completely hardened by a
  child's second birthday, and will eventually form
  the sutures of the neurocranium.