Organic Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

• The chemistry of Life

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What is Organic Chemistry ??

• Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of compounds
  containing carbon.
• Two common examples are CO2 and CH4 Carbon
  dioxide and Methane, respectively.

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The Versatility of Carbon

• Because of the configuration of electrons of
  Carbon.
• Carbon can have four covalent bonds.
• Carbon can act as an intersection point from
  which a molecule can branch off in up to four
  directions.
• When carbon has four bonds it creates a
  tetrahedron.

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Versatility of Carbon

• Carbon skeletons can vary in length.

Butane
Pentane
Octane
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More Carbon Molecules

• Cyclohexane is a type of ringed molecule.
• Carbon can be double bonded as in 1-butene

Ball and Stick Model
Structural Formula
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HydroCarbons !!

• Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting
  only of carbon and hydrogen.
• Hydrocarbons are the major components of
  petroleum

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Hydrocarbons (continued)

• Hydrocarbon tails are components of fats.
• Neither petroleum nor fat mixes with water.
• Hydrocarbons store a great deal of energy

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Functional Groups

• Functional Groups are components of organic
  molecules that are most commonly involved in
  chemical reactions.
• Hydroxyl (-OH) -Amino (NH3)
• Sulfhydryl (SH) -Carbonyl (CO)
• Phosphate (PO4) -Carboxyl (C00H)

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Hydroxyl Group

• In a hydroxyl group, a hydrogen atom is bonded to
  an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the
  carbon skeleton of the organic molecule.
• The molecules are called alcohols

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Carboxyl Group

• Compounds that contain a carboxyl group are known
  as carboxylic acids.
• The simplest is formic acid, the substance some
  ants inject when they sting.

Ant
Formic Acid
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Carbonyl Group

• There are two different types of Carbonyl groups
• Aldehydes where the double bond to O is at the
  end of the molecule
• Ketones where the double bond to O is in the
  middle of the molecule.

An Example is Acetone
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Amino Group

• Organic compounds with this functional group are
  called Amines
• They are commonly found in Amino Acids.
• Amino Acids are the building blocks of proteins

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Organic Chemistry Building Blocks Of Life

• All of these functional groups are components to
  molecules that join together to make larger more
  complex molecules that are called Macromolecules.
• Basic formula
• Monomer Monomer Monomer Polymer.
• For example Amino Acid Amino Acid Amino Acid
  Protein.
• Or, Glucose Glucose Glucose Glucose Starch

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Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates
• Sugars
• Nucleic Acids
• DNA etc.
• Lipids
• Fats
• Proteins
• Amino Acids