HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW

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HONORS BIOLOGYCHAPTER 5 REVIEW
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1

• Why is fluid mosaic a good description of the
  plasma membrane?
• Structures shift in place
• Watery hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic (fatty
  tails)

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1

• Why is the cell membrane called a phospholipid
  bilayer?
• Two layers of phospho heads and fatty acid tails

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2

• Six functions of proteins in a plasma membrane
  p.74

• Attach to ECM
• Signal transduction
• Transport
• Intercellular junction
• Cell-cell recognition
• Enzymatic activity

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3

• Can easily enter
• Hydrophobic molecules (oil soluble)
• O2, N2 (small)
• Nonpolar benzene
• Very small uncharged or small polar molecules
  H2O, Urea, glycerol, CO2

• Can NOT easily enter
• Large uncharged Glucose,Sucrose
• Polar molecules sucrose (see OH groups)
• Hydrophilic
• Ions (charged) H , Na , HCO3 , K, Ca2, Cl-,
  Mg2

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4

• 3 types of passive transport

• Diffusion-just passing of hi to low
• Osmosis-passing of water thru a selectively
  permeable memb.
• Facilitated Hi to low through a protein channel

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5

• What does it mean to go down the gradient?
  (passive)
• Move from hi to low concentration
• What does it mean to go against the gradient?
  (active transport)
• Move from low to high (with energy-usually ATP)

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6

• What direction does the water flow if a cell of
  4 solutes is placed in

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4
0
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6

• What direction does the water flow if a cell of
  4 solutes is placed in
• REMEMBER HYPO TO HYPER

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4
0
4
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7

• What is tonicity?
• Measure of osmotic pressure gradient determined
  by the solute concentration that cannot cross the
  selectively permeable membrane

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7

• Note water flows from high water concentration to
  low (hypo to hyper)

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8 Animal Cells p.77
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8 Plants
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• How does the contractile vacuole control water in
  a paramecium?
• Contractile vacuole youtube
• Water squeezed out of vacuole

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10 p. 78

• What is an aquaporin?
• Integral membrane proteins moving water
• 3 billion more times than just moving through a
  regular plasma membrane

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• Exocytosis and endocytosis are both
• active transport.
• Protein channels span the membrane.
• Endocytosis and exocytosis engulf the particle
  with the membrane.

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• Large liquid
  receptors
• Particle drops
  specific

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• Ability to cause change or do work
• L. energy
• Thermal energy
• O. heat

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• Energy as a result of location or structure
• I. potential
• Type of energy released or need in molecules
• N. chemical

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• Study of energy transformations
• M thermodynamics
• Reaction that releases energy
• E. exergonic

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• Makes products rich in potential energy
• G. Endergonic
• Energy of motion
• J. kinetic

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• Measure of disorder
• B. Entropy
• Energy in the universe is constant
• C.1st Law of Thermodynamics

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• Energy from exergonic to run endergonic
• K. Energy coupling
• Total of an organisms chemical reactions
• F. metabolism

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• Series of chemical reactions.
• A. Metabolic pathway

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• Energy conversions increase the entropy
• D. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
• Cells use oxygen to release energy from molecules
• H. Cellular respiration

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14

• What does ATP stand for?
• Adenosine triphosphate

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15

• What part of the ATP molecule is lost or gained?
• Last Phosphate

• Is ATP recyclable?
• YES

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• Is ATP made by phosphorylation?
• YES ADP P ATP
• ADP is made by hydrolysis.
• ATP ADP P

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• Is ATP made from exergonic reactions or
  endergonic?
• Endergonic

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• What is activation energy?
• Amount of energy needed to get a reaction going.
• Why is this energy needed?
• Reactants are stable and bonds need to be broken
  or distorted.

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18

• How do enzymes affect the amount of activation
  energy needed?
• Reduces the activation energy needed
• Why?
• Enzyme brings the reactants together.

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• Why are enzymes called Biological catalysts?
• They are proteins (biological) and speed up
  reactions without changing themselves (catalyst).

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• SKETCH HOW AN ENZYME WORKS
• Enzyme will bring substrate(s) together and
  contort bonds at the active site

products
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• What is the purpose of the induced fit (hand
  shake) of an enzyme-substrate complex?
• The enzyme slightly changes the shape of the
  active site to contort/break substrate bonds.

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• Why might too high temperatures make an enzyme
  not function properly?
• Denature (unravel) the enzyme and change the
  shape of the active site.

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• What is the optimal temperature for most human
  enzymes?
• 35-40o C
• (body temp is 37oC)

• What is the optimal pH for most enzymes?
• 6-8

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• What is the difference between cofactors and
  coenzymes?
• Cofactors are inorganic and coenzymes are organic.

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• Sketch an enzyme with a competitive inhibitor.

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• Sketch an enzyme and its substrate with a
  noncompetitive inhibitor.

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enzyme
Allosteric site
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• What is it called if a cell produces more product
  than it needs and the product act as an inhibitor?

• Feedback inhibition (negative feedback)

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29 MATCH

• Inhibits prostanglandins (sensation of pain)
• Blocks bact. Cell walls
• Blood pressure meds
• Target HIV

Ibuprofen Penicillin Beta blockers Protease
inhibitors
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• LABEL THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
• Phospho head A1
• Cholesterol E
• Lipid tail A2
• Protein pump G
• Carbohydrate chain D
• Glycolipid F

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31

• H
• I
• A
• B
• C

• Peripheral protein
• Glycoprotein
• Phospholipid
• Receptor protein
• Passive transport protein

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32.

• If given the concentrations in and out of
  dialysis tubing of sucrose solutions predict
  movement of distilled water.

• 1M
• 0.8 M
• 0.6 M
• 0.4 M
• 0.2 M
• 0.0 M

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32.movement of water

• 1M in tube
• 0.8 M in tube
• 0.6 M in tube
• 0.4 M in tube
• 0.2 M in tube
• 0.0 M in/out

• If given the concentrations in and out of
  dialysis tubing of sucrose solutions predict
  movement of distilled water.

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What is the molarity of the potato core? (where
line crosses zero line) 0.3M