Chapter 1: The World in 1500

1
Chapter 1The World in 1500
2
1.1 Societies of North America
3
Were there people in North America before
Columbus discovered it?
4
Where did they come from?
5
How did they get here?
Beringia
6
Were they doing okay with out European
intervention?
7
Would they had been better off if Europeans
hadnt found them?
8
1.2 Europe
9

• Prior to the discovery of America, Europe was
  experiencing the Middle Ages (Dark Ages)

10

• During this time, the Crusades take place
• war by Christians to take back Holy Land from
  Muslims

while fighting they decided Asia was a good place
to shop!!
11
Renaissance

• Rebirth in art and learning -new inventions
  (i.e. - printing press)
• Brings Europe out of the Dark Ages

12
Reformation

• During this time only one religion allowed in
  Europe Roman Catholic Church
• Martin Luther criticized Catholic Church
• Eventually split Christianity into Catholic
  Protestant

13
1.3 Early European Explorers
14
(No Transcript)
15
Portugal led the way..

• Bartholomeu Dias - first to reach the tip of
  Africa
• Vasco de Gama first to sail around Africa and
  reach Asia

16
Christopher Columbus
I can find a better way to Asia!!

• Plan to reach Asia by sailing west
• He thought .
• Short trip
• Smaller earth
• Larger Asia
• No land in between!!!

17

• King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain agreed
  to pay.
• They wanted
• from trade
• Spread Catholicism

18

• He left in 1492 took 70 days (not 21)!!
• thought he had reached the Indies
  
• (islands in SE Asia)
• greeted by Taino - called them Indians

I told you I could find a better way to Asia!!
19

• made 3 more trips to the Americas MAP
• he died believing he had reached Asia

20
Ch. 2 European Exploration of the Americas
1570
21
2.1 Spain Claims an Empire
22
What important feats are credited to the
following

• Amerigo Vespucci? realized Columbus didnt
  reach Asia America is named for him

That place Columbus went was so NOT Asia!
23

• Vasco Nunez de Balboa? - 1st to reach Pacific
  Ocean did so by crossing Panama

24

• Ferdinand Magellan? - crew was first to
  circumnavigate world

25

• Hernando Cortez? defeated Aztecs, gained
  riches for Spain

Welcome to our land.
We are just here for the gold!
26

• Francisco Pizarro? conquered the Incas, more
  riches for Spain

Yeah!! More Gold for Spain!
27
How did 100s of conquistadors defeat 1000s of
Aztec Incas??

• brought germs that caused disease

28

• Had guns, horses, armor

29

• Made alliances with their enemies

30
2.2 European Competition in North America
31
2. Why did so many nations look for the
Northwest Passage?

• Still trying to get to Asia by water

32
3. Why do Spain England not get along?

• Religion
• Spain is Catholic
• England is Protestant
• English stealing from Spanish ships
• Power - Spain claimed all of America
  told others to keep out!

33
We are Protestant. We dont take orders from the
Pope!
You cant keep us out either!
The Pope said the New World was ours!! Keep out!
34
4. Multi Flow map
35
Spains image suffered no longer unbeatable
Spain wants to take over England AND make it
Catholic
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
21 miles
Spanish Armada is sent to fight in the English
Channel the large ships cant maneuver
England gets to remain independent AND Protestant
Armada retreats is hit by a severe storm
and barely makes it home
Other nations will challenge Spains claims to
the new world
36
5. Why did the French and Dutch establish their
first settlements in the Northeast ? What
economic activity were they engaged in?

• looking for the Northwest Passage
• fur trade with Native Americans

37
2.3 The Impact of Colonization
38
How did the Spanish mistreat Native Americans?

• Made them slaves!!!

39
(No Transcript)
40
Why did the Spanish and Portuguese need a new
labor source?

• Native Americans died from disease, overwork or
  ran away

41
6. Why did the Spanish begin to import African
slaves?

• immune to their disease
• no family or friends to escape to
• experience in farming
• cheap source of permanent labor

42
7. What was the middle passage?

• Leg of the triangular trade route that shipped
  slaves ships from Africa to America

43
8. What was the Columbian Exchange?

• Transfer of plants, animals and diseases between
  hemispheres

Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
44
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
WEST
EAST
Potatoes
Coffee Beans
45
What were the positive and negative effects of
the Columbian Exchange?

• Positive- plants and animals
• America got
• cows, pigs, horses, sheep
• grapes, onion, wheat
• Europe got
• potatoes, corn, peanuts
• Negative transfer of germs!
• America got
• diseases such as smallpox, measles malaria
• killed an estimated 20 million Native American