Chapter 17 Section 2

1
Chapter 17Section 2

• Modern World History

2
The Axis Attacks

• September 1, 1939 Nazi forces invade Poland with
  improved technology tank and airpower
• Luftwaffe German air force
• Bombed airfields, factories, towns, and cities
• Surrounded and forced Polish troops to surrender
• Germany attacks from west, Stalin attacks from
  east
• Poland ceases to exist in a month
• Britain and France declare war on Germany. Cannot
  help in enough time.
• Soviet army bases themselves in Estonia, Latvia,
  and Lithuania and seizes Finland

3

• April 1940 -Hitler attacks
• Norway
• Denmark
• Netherlands
• Belgium
• May 1940
• Hitler attacks France
• British sent naval vessels, merchant ships, and
  boats to pick up troops from Dunkirk and saved
  300,000
• Germans head towards Paris
• Italy declares war on France and attacks from
  South
• France Surrenders
• June 22, 1940
• France signs surrender documents
• Germany occupies Northern France
• Some French officers escape to England and set up
  government-in-exile. Led by Charles de Gaulle,
  free French worked to liberate their homeland
• In France, fighters used guerilla tactics against
  German forces

4
Operation Sea Lion

• Hitlers plan for the invasion of Britain
• Launches massive air strikes
• Aug. 1940-Germany bombs the Southern coast on a
  daily basis
• After a month, they began to bomb London and
  other cities

5
The Blitz

• Sep. 7, 1940 German bombers first appear over
  London
• Bombing continues for 57 nights in a row
• Bombing is known as The Blitz
• Much of London is destroyed, thousands die
• Most resume their everyday lives, but 3 million
  are evacuated
• King and Queen stay with people in bomb shelter
  instead of fleeing to countryside
• Plan continues until May 1941, but eventually
  fails
• Britain is more determined now to stop Germany

6
Africa and the Balkans

• Sep. 1940
• Mussolini pushes army in Libya to Egypt
• General Erwin Rommel, the dessert fox pushes
  British army to Cairo, Egypt and has success
  between 1941-42
• October 1940
• Italian forces invade
• Greece
• Yugoslavia
• Bulgaria
• Hungary
• All join axis powers

7
Germany invades Soviet Union

• Operation Barbarossa
• June 1941
• Hitler invades Soviet Union
• 3 million soldiers were sent
• Soviets had lost 2 ½ million soldiers
• Soviet troops destroy factories and farm
  equipment and burn crops to keep them out of
  enemy hands
• By fall, Hitler plans to take over Moscow and
  Leningrad (St. Petersburg)
• Temperature troubles
• -40 degrees
• Thousands of German soldiers freeze to death

8
Germanys Siege of Leningrad

• Sep. 1941
• 2 ½ year siege begins
• Food is rationed to 2 pieces of bread a day
• Hunger drives people to boil wallpaper for potato
  flour
• More than a million die
• Britain (Churchill) and Stalin begin to work
  together

9
Hitlers New Order

• Hitler declares Aryans the master race
• 1930s
• Jewish people and political opponents are sent to
  concentration camps
• Concentration camps detention centers for
  civilians considered enemies of the state
• Millions of Polish and Soviet Slavs and others
  are worked as slave laborers

10
The Holocaust

• Inferiors
• Jews
• Slavs
• Romas (Gypsies)
• Homosexuals
• The disabled
• 1939
• Jews are forced to live in Ghettos
• Ghettos sections of the cities where Jewish
  people are confined
• Many die from starvation, disease, overwork, and
  harsh elements

11
The Final Solution

• Hitler and leaders declare for The Final
  Solution-the genocide of all European Jews
• 6 death camps in Poland
• Millions killed
• Camps
• People are stripped of valuables, shaved
• Women, men, and children are separated
• Young, elderly, and sick are killed immediately
• Sent to shower rooms and gassed
• 1945
• Six million Jews and six million others are killed

12

• June 1942
• 5,000 a day are sent from Warsaw ghetto to
  Treblinka death camp
• Spring 1943
• Jews take over ghetto and use small collection of
  guns and homemade bombs to damage Nazi forces
• May 16
• Nazis regain control and eliminate remaining Jews
  in ghetto
• Denmark and Bulgaria-saves entire Jewish
  population
• France-Shipped thousands to Jews to their deaths
• Immigration policies prevent Jews from leaving

13
Japan

• Takes control of Asia and the Pacific
• Commit great brutality
• Kill and torture
• Chinese
• Filipinos
• Malaysians
• Seize food crops
• Destroy cities and towns
• Made local people into slave laborers
• Guerilla warfare against Japanese in Indonesia,
  Philippines, and elsewhere
• US declares neutrality when war begins
• FDR looks for way to aid to Britain, as it was
  alone in battling Hitler

14
USA and Japan

• March 1941-Lend Lease Act
• Allowed FDR to sell or lend war materials to any
  country whose defense is important to defense of
  US
• Wont be drawn into war, but will help those who
  are fighting for freedom
• August 1941
• FDR meets with Churchill
• Issue Atlantic Charter to destruct Nazi tyranny
• 1939
• When war broke out, Japan took resources of
  Southeast Asia
• Oil
• Rubber
• Tin
• Resources help them fight Chinese
• 1940
• Japan advances into French Indonesia and the
  Dutch East Indies
• US bans sale of war materials (iron, steel, oil)
  to Japan
• Japan sees this as thread to their expansion

15
Japan attacks US

• General Tojo Hideki sees US as threat
• December 7, 1941
• Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
• Killed 2,400 and destroyed battleships
• FDR asks congress to declare war on Japan
• December 11, 1941
• Germany and Italy (Japans allies) declare war on
  the United States
• In the months after, Japan captures the
  Philippines and other islands owned by US
• Also overran British Colonies
• Hong Kong
• Burma
• Malaya
• Delve deeper into Dutch East Indies and French
  Indochina
• 1942
• Japan empire stretches from Southeast Asia to the
  western Pacific Ocean