Section 17.1 Summary

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Section 17.1 Summary pages 443-449
CLASSIFICATION

• Biologists want to better understand organisms so
  they organize them.

• One tool that they use to do this is
  classificationthe grouping of objects or
  information based on similarities.

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Section 17.1 Summary pages 443-449
How classification began

• Taxonomy is the branch of biology that groups and
  names organisms based on studies of their
  different characteristics.

• Biologists who study taxonomy are called
  taxonomists.

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Section 17.1 Summary pages 443-449
Aristotles System

• The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
  developed the first widely accepted system of
  biological classification.

• He classified all the organisms he knew into two
  groups plants and animals.

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Section 17.1 Summary pages 443-449
Aristotles System

• He subdivided plants into three groups, herbs,
  shrubs, and trees, depending on the size and
  structure of a plant.

• He grouped animals according to various
  characteristics, including their habitat and
  physical differences.

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Section 17.1 Summary pages 443-449
Aristotles System

• According to his system, birds, bats, and flying
  insects are classified together even though they
  have little in common besides the ability to fly.

• As time passed, more organisms were discovered
  and some did not fit easily into Aristotles
  groups, but many centuries passed before
  Aristotles system was replaced.

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Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778), a Swedish botanist

• Linnaeuss system was based on physical and
  structural similarities of organisms.

He improved the system of naming plants and
animals by a two-word name to identify the genus
and species. binomial nomenclature
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Section 17.1 Summary pages 443-449
Linnaeus System

• Linnaeus showed relationships among organisms.

• Eventually, some biologists proposed that
  structural similarities reflect the evolutionary
  relationships of species.

• This way of organizing organisms is the basis of
  modern classification systems.

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Section 17.1 Summary pages 443-449
Species Scientific Names

• Modern classification systems use a two-word
  naming system called binomial nomenclature that
  Linnaeus developed to identify species.

• In this system, the first word identifies the
  genus of the organism.

• A genus (JEE nus) (plural, genera) consists of a
  group of similar species.

• The second word, which sometimes describes a
  characteristic of the organism, is called the
  specific epithet.

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Section 17.1 Summary pages 443-449
Species Scientific Names

• Thus, the scientific name for each species,
  referred to as the species name, is a combination
  of the genus name and specific epithet.

Homo sapiens
Homo Genus, sapiens wise man
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Naming Organisms
Why do we need to name organisms?
What is the name of this organism?
Why do scientists not want to use common names?
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The common name of many animals can be misleading.
Ceylon frogmouth (Batrachostomus moniliger) is a
bird.
Killer whales (Orcinus orca )are the largest
member of the dolphin family.
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Flying fish (Parezocoetus mesogaster) do
not fly, but glide.
Seahorse (Hippocampus zosterae) is not a
horse, but a fish.
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Why do scientist not use common names? Confusing
more than one common name Misleading starfish
is not a fish
Why use a scientific name?
There is only one scientific name Felis concolor
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Species Scientific Names
United States and England- Sparrow Spain
gorrion domestico Holland huismus Scientific
name Passer domesticus
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Scientific Name
What language is used for the scientific
naming? LATIN
What are the 2 parts of the scientific name?
Genus (Latin for group) species
general description exact kind
organisms share a major only 1 kind of
organism characteristic within a
genus
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Recognizing Relationships Tell me
something about each of these organisms.
giant saguaro cactus fragrant water lily domestic
dog common California mouse three color pansy
Carnegiea gigantea Nymphaea odorata Canis
familiaris Peromyscus californicus Viola tricolor
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Genus speciesnames should be used when
referring to an organism.Species name alone is
not enough.
Drosophila melanogaster is a fruit fly.
Thamnophis melanogaster is a garter
snake.
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What is the correct way to write the scientific
name? drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila
melanogaster D. melanogaster
Always capitalize the Genus and not the species.
Why are scientific names in Latin?

1. Latin is no longer used in conversation.
2. Its tradition.
3. Universal.

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Worksheet Writing the Scientific Names of Animals
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COMMONNAME GENUS SPECIES SCIENTIFIC
NAME Human Homo sapiens Homo
sapiens Dog Canis familiaris Canis
familiaris Spanish lynx
Felis pardina Felispardina Tiger
Panthera tigris Panthera tigris Jaguar
Panthera onca Panthera onca Leopard
Panthera pardus P. pardus Bullfrog
Rana catesbeiana rana catesbeiana Cameroon
Toad Bufo superciliaris Bufo
superciliaris Houston Toad Bufo
houstonensis Bufo houstonensis Nile crocodile
Crocodylus niloticus Crocodylus
niloticus Caiman Caiman crocodilus Caim
an crocodilus Jamaican boa
Epicrates subflavus Epicrates subflavus Puerto
Rican boa Epicrates inornatus Epicrates
inornatus Jamaican iguana
Cyclura collei Cyclura Collei Mona iguana
Cyclura stejnegeri Cyclura stejnegeri Desert
monitor Varanus griseus Varanus
griseus Komodo dragon Varnaus komodoensi
s varanus Komodoensis Aquatic box turtle
Terrapene coahuila Terrapene
coahuila Peregrine falcon
Falco peregrinus Falco peregrinus Piping
plover Charadrius melodus
Charadrius melodus Audouin's gull
Larus audouinii Larus
audouinii Relict gull Larus relictus
Larus relictus Tooth cave spider
Leptoneta myopica Leptoneta
myopica
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Section 1 Check
Question 4
What is the difference between classification
and taxonomy?
Answer
Classification is the grouping of objects or
information based on similarities. Taxonomy is
the branch of biology that classifies and names
organisms based on their different
characteristics.
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Section 1 Check
Question 5
What are the two parts that make up binomial
nomenclature?
Answer
Binomial nomenclature comprises a genus name
followed by a specific epithet.