HL Periodicity

1
HL Periodicity

• Trends of the periodic table

2
Periodicity

• What are period 3 chlorides like?
• The start of period 3 makes giant ionic
  compounds.
• Al on makes molecular covalent.
• The ionic compounds are conductors, the Al
  compound is poor and the rest are non-conducting.

3
Periodicity

• What happens when the period 3 chlorides react
  with water?
• The ionic compounds are hydrated.
• Aluminum becomes a complex ion (ligand).
• Si and P create HCl and phosphoric acid.

4
Periodicity

• What does chlorine do in water?
• Chlorine creates HCl and HOCl.
• This is called disproportionation because Cl is
  oxidized and reduced.
• HOCl breaks down into HCl and oxygen.

5
Periodicity

• What are the characteristics of the d-block
  elements?
• As the d-block fills, there are electrons
  available for other functions (create colors).
• The atomic radii are curious, also.
• Based on electron config.

6
Periodicity

• What are the properties of d-blockers?
• They are
• Conductive
• Solids
• Malleable
• Ductile
• Metal characteristics

7
Periodicity

• Why do the oxidation numbers vary so much?
• They vary due to the d-sublevel electrons free to
  bond.
• Sc and Zn have only 1 oxidation state so are not
  real transition metals
• They all have 2 and 3 states and pyramid up to 7
  at Mn

8
Periodicity

• What are ligands?
• Ligands are complex ions formed by dative bonds
  (coordinate covalent) with an element with extra
  electron pairs.
• The coordination number tells the number of
  dative bonds and helps show shape.

9
Periodicity

• Why do d-block elements create color?
• The electrons absorb light as it passes through.