http://www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_4_oceanorigin.html

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??????
????????

• ???????
• ????2011. 09.23

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????

• ????
• ????????
• ?????????

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?????
http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_4_oceanori
gin.html
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http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_4_seawater
1.html
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????? (Origin of the ocean)

• ?????,???????,??????????,??????,??????,?????????
• ????????,????????????,???????????,????????????????
  ?????????,??,????????
• ??????????????????HCl?HF?CO2?,??,????????????????

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????????-??
????????????????,??H2O?????,????????????????,?????
????????? ?????????????????? 0???,?100
???,????????????????? ????????,?????????,?15?,???
??0???,?100 ???,?????????
http//tupian.hudong.com/a1_36_16_0130000017159912
1189160494036_jpg.html
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???????????????????????????????14??????,?????97.3
, ?????2.1,????0.6,?????????????0.0001?
http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_1_waterres
ource.html
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?? (ocean)

• ?????????70
• ?????3800m
• ??? 1.4 1012 m3
• ?????????

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??????

• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????

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??????

1. ??????????97???
2. ???????????????,??,????????????
3. ????????,??????????,??,??????????
4. ????????????????

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• 5.??????,??????,???????????,?????,???????,????????
  ,???????????

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• 6. ???????,??????????????,??????????,????????????,
  ???????????????????

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????????

• 1000???35????
• 1902 ?,??(C., Forch,M. Knudsen, S.
  Sørensen)??????(salinity)???????-??350/00
• P.S.U (Practical salinity unit)35 P.S.U
• ??????34370/00 ?? 350/00
• ??????1.?? 2.??
• ??
• ??????

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(No Transcript)
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????

• ????????????????,??,??????????????,???????????
• ?????????????????,???????????3538????????????????
  ????????????3537????
• ????????????????,??,????42?????????????

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http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_4_seawater
3.html
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????

• ????????,???????????????,????????????????????????
  ???,????????,????????????????,??CO2??????????????
  ??,??????????????????,???????????????,????????????
  ?

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????????

• ????????
• ?????

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http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_4_seawater
2.html
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??????,??????????0.5,????????????????1000??????78
.5,????1000??????21?
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???? (continental margin)

• ?????????????????,??????????????,??????
• ??? (continental shelf)
• ???? (continental slope)
• ???? (continental rise)
• ?? ??? (trench)

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http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_1_biospace
.html
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????????3800??,?????????????????,??11022???????,??
??????????????????????????????????
http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_2_depth.ht
ml
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? ? (trench)
???????????? (11020 ??),???????????? (5900 ??)
http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_2_trench.h
tml
http//www.29trip.com/jd/UploadFiles_jd/200808/200
80814214652340.jpg
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???? (abyssal plain)
????????????,?????4600-5500??,????????????,??????,
?????1/1000??,???????????
http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_2_basin.ht
ml
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???????
??????????????????????????,??????????????????????
??,?????????????????????,???????????,?????????????
???????????,????????????,????
???????????????????
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????????
?????????(?????),???????????? (?????),???????????
,??????????? ???? Plummer, C. and McGeary, D
(1991) Physical Geology, 5th edition, Chapter 1,
Figure 1.11
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??? (mid-oceanic ridge)
http//dunite.mr.nsysu.edu.tw/word-6-1.htm
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??????
?????????? ,????23????????????,?????????????,????
????????????????????????????,??????,???????,??????
???,??????????
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????????????????,??????????2550???,??13?????????
?U??V??????????????????????????,??????????,???????
?????????
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????????
??????????????,???????(?)???????????,?????????????
???????,??????,?????????????????????????
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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http//www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/info/books/report2007/
tokushu/p028b.html
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??????
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??????????
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?????????
http//www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/KAIYO/tairiku/tairiku
.test.html
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???????

• ???????
• ????2010. 10.01

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????

• ????????????
• ??????
• ????????
• ???? ?????

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?????

• ????????????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ?????????????,??????,????????????????????,????,???
  ????????,????????,????????????????????,???????????
  ????????,??????????????,??????????,???????????????
  ?????????????????????,??????????? 

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?????

• ?????????,???????????????????????????????????,??
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????,?????????????

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???????? (wave)
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• ????????????(restoring force) ??????
• ?? (capillary wave)??(?????)?????,????1-2????????
  ?????(?????)??????
• ??? (gravity wave) ????????????,??????????,??????
  ?????,?????????????????????,??????
• ?? (Tsunami) ?????????,????????????,????????,????
  ??????,??????????????????,???????200??(???700??,??
  ?????)
• ??????? (inertia-gravity wave)????(planetary
  wave )???(????)??????

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???????? (tide)
?????????????,????????,????????(???)???(??)???????
???????????????????,???????????,????????????????,?
?????????
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???????? (ocean current)
http//www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/KANKYO/KAIYO/kuroshio
/20000622/
46

• ???????????????,?????????
• ?? (turbulent flow) ?????????????????????????????
  ???????
• ??????(gravity-wave induced current)
  ????????????,???????????????????????,????????????
  
• ??(tidal current) ????????,??????????????????,?
  ?????????,???????????????
• ???(wind-driven current) ????????????????wind-dri
  ven current ????????,?????(wind-driven
  circulation) ??????????????????????????

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?????

• ?????????????????,??????
• Hadley cells, Ferrel cells, Polar cell????

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???????
http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_3_surfacec
urrent.html
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???
http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_3_surfacec
urrent.html
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http//home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/er/Resources/Image97
7.gif
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http//kitchom.ed.oita-u.ac.jp/kankyo/nishigaki/c
n6/index.html
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http//www.aoikuma.com/image/kairyu.gif
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(No Transcript)
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??

• ??????????????,???????????,???????????????????????
  ?????????????,????????????????????????????????????
  ???????,????????????????

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????(thermohaline circulation)

• ????????????,?????????????,?????????,?????????,???
  ???????,??????????,????????????????????

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???????

• ?????????????,?????????????
• ???? (?????) ????????????????,????????
  (??),???????????,??????????,??????????,??????????,
  ????????????,?????????,??????? (??)???????,???????
  ?????????????,?????????,?????????????

2016/4/26
http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_1_biospace
.html
56
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??????
http//www.undersea.cn/image/deepsea/current.jpg
2016/4/26
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??-??? (deep southerly return flow)

• ????????????????????30????????,???????????????,???
  ???????????60???,???????????????????,?40005000???
  ??????????,??????????,??????????????

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?????
???????? ????????
????????????????????????????,????????,????????,???
??????,?????????
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3000???????
?????!!

• ???????, ???????????14???????????3000????????????,
  ?????????, ????????,2000???, ????????????????????
  ????????,??????????????

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3000????C-14??
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??-??/???(upwelling/downwelling)

• ??/???(upwelling/downwelling) ????????????????,??
  ????????????????????,???????????????????

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???

• ????????????,??????????????????????,?????????,????
  ????,????????,????????????,??????
• ???????????????????,?????????,???????????,????????
  ???????????????

http//www.undersea.cn/Pages/deepsea/ds_3_upwellin
g.html
64
???
???????
???
http//www.undersea.cn/image/deepsea/upwelling2.jp
g
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???????

• ??????????????,???????????(???,????????),?????????
  ??(???),????????????????????????,?????????????