Human Reproductive Systems

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Human Reproductive Systems
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Reproductive System Functions

• Male and Female reproductive systems produce the
  haploid gametes sperm and eggs, respectively
• The male system also specializes in the transfer
  of sperm to the female, while the female system
  specializes in the development and birth of the
  offspring

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Male Reproductive Anatomy

• Testis
• Epididymis
• Vas Deferens
• Seminal Vesicles
• Ejaculatory Ducts
• Prostate Gland
• Bulbourethral Glands
• Urethra
• Penis

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The TestisSeminiferous Tubules

• The testis contains 125 meters of coiled and
  packed seminiferous tubules
• Sperm production proceeds from the outer wall of
  the tubules toward the inside

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Sperm Development

• Individual primary spermatocytes produce 4 sperm
  cells through meiosis
• Sertoli cells in the tubules provide the
  developing sperm with nourishment

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Endocrine Controls

• Leydig cells residing between the testes lobes
  secrete testosterone which stimulates sperm
  production
• The hypothalamus and anterior pituitary secrete
  hormones that respond to and maintain
  testosterone levels

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Female Reproductive Anatomy

• Ovaries
• Oviducts
• Uterus
• Cervix
• Vagina

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Ovaries The Follicular Phase

• The ovary contains thousands of primary oocytes
• A follicle consists of an oocyte and the layer of
  granulosa cells that surround and nourish it
• As the follicle grows a non-cellular space, the
  zona pellucida develops within the follicle

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Ovaries Ovulation

• FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary cause the
  zona pellucida to secrete estrogens
• These estrogens stimulate a surge in LH, which
  triggers the release of the follicle

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Ovaries Luteal Phase

• After ovulation the granulosa cells of the
  follicle develop into the corpus luteum
• This body secretes progesterone and estrogens
  that prepare the uterus
• If a blasocyst doesnt implant in the endometrium
  it self-destructs causing the menstrual cycle to
  begin anew

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