The key to every biological problem must finally be sought in the cell, for every living organism is, or at some time has been, a cell. E.B. Wilson, 1925

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Why Study Cell Biology?
The key to every biological problem must finally
be sought in the cell, for every living organism
is, or at some time has been, a cell. E.B.
Wilson, 1925
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Cells are Us
Cilia on a protozoan
Sperm meets egg
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The Cell Theory
The cell theory (proposed independently in 1838
and 1839) is a cornerstone of biology.
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the smallest living things.
Cells arise only by division of previously
existing cells.
All organisms living today are descendents of an
ancestral cell.
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A Sense of Scale and Abundance Bacteria on the
Head of a Pin
http//www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm
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Two Fundamentally Different Types of Cells
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Us vs. Them -Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
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Major Divisions of the Eukaryotic Cell
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Its Crowded In There
A micrograph showing cytoskeleton (red),
ribosomes (green), and membrane (blue)
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Animal and Plant Cells Have More Similarities
Than Differences
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Cellular Anatomy
Well start by seeing what role these parts play
in making and moving proteins.
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http//www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/
lipids/membrane20fluidity.swf
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The Nucleus
Think of the nucleus as the cells control center.
Two meters of human DNA fits into a nucleus
thats 0.000005 meters across.
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RIBOSOME
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Endoplasmic reticulum

• ER make lipids, alters carbohydrates, and helps
  with detoxification.

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Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum
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The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Functions
Protein synthesis (about half the cells proteins
are made here).
Protein movement (trafficking)
Protein proofreading
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GOLGI APPARATUS
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The Lysosome
Functions
Digesting food or cellular invaders
Recycling cellular components
Cell suicide (suicide is bad for cells, but good
for us!)
(The lysosome is not found in plant cells)
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The Lysosome
This bacterium about to be eaten by an immune
system cell will spend the last minutes of its
existence within a lysosome.
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Many Diseases are Caused by Lysosome Malfunction
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Cellular Anatomy
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The Mitochondrion
Think of the mitochondrion as the powerhouse of
the cell.
Both plant and animal cells contain many
mitochondria.
(Mitochondria is the plural of mitochondrion)
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The Mitochondrion
A class of diseases that causes muscle weakness
and neurological disorders are due to
malfunctioning mitochondria.
Worn out mitochondria may be an important factor
in aging.
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Mitochondrial Diseases
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Animal vs. Plant Cells Chloroplasts Are a Big
Part of the Difference
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Cells In a Leaf
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The Chloroplast
Think of the chloroplast as the solar panel of
the plant cell.
Only plants have chloroplasts, but animals reap
the benefits too.
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Two Other Unique Features of Plant Cells
The central vacuole may occupy 90 of a plant
cell.
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A Consequence of Cell Walls the Great Strength
of Woody Plants
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The Central Vacuole Controls Turgor Pressure
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Cellular Anatomy
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The Cytoskeleton
The name is misleading. The cytoskeleton is the
skeleton of the cell, but its also like the
muscular system, able to change the shape of
cells in a flash.
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A Cytoskeleton Gallery
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The Cytoskeleton in Action
A white blood cell using the cytoskeleton to
reach out for a hapless bacterium.
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The Cytoskeleton in Action
Smokers cough is due to destruction of cilia
linking the airways.