Bellwork

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Bellwork

• Please take out your notebooks, a pen or pencil,
  and label the next entry in your notebook, WWII
  in Africa and Europe

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War in Africa and Europe

• WWII

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Main Idea

• The Allies defeated the Axis powers in Europe and
  Africa.

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Why It Matters Now

• During World War II, the United States assumed a
  leading role in world affairs that continues
  today.

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Mobilizing for War

• US officially enters the war in 1941 after Japan
  attacked Pearl Harbor

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• US had to build up military
• Millions volunteers and millions were drafted
  under the Selective Service Act (or draft) which
  says that all men ages 18-38 had to register for
  military service

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• 300,000 Mexican Americans fought
• 1 million African Americans fought
• 300,000 Women fought
• This is critical to the civil rights movement of
  the 1960s. Fighting for freedom abroad, but
  dont have it in your own country.

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Notes Title War in Africa and Europe

• Mobilizing for War
• US entered the war
• Millions volunteered
• Millions drafted (men 18-38)
• Women and minorities volunteered as well
• 300,000 Mexican Americans
• 1 million African Americans
• 300,000 women

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Battles in Africa and Italy

• Allies were planning a European invasion to try
  to stop the Germans, however, they werent quite
  ready. First the Allies drove German troops out
  of North Africa. They did this so they could
  take control of the Mediterranean and have more
  access to Europe, specifically, they would be
  able to attack through Italy.

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• British had control over Egypt and wanted to
  protect their access to the Suez Canal
• British troops faced tough opposition from Erwin
  Rommel, Germanys General, aka Desert Fox
• Battle at El Alamein (only 200 miles from Suez
  Canal) British drove the Germans out and were
  assisted by Dwight D. Eisenhower, Americas
  General, and eventually, the Allies took over
  Northern Africa

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Southern European Invasion

• The Allies began by invading Sicily
• After they forced the Germans out of Sicily and
  swept into Italy
• By this time, Italians had turned on Mussolini
  and imprisoned him
• Italy surrendered to the Allies in 1943

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Notes

• Allies wanted to secure Northern Africa before
  their European Invasion
• Able to secure the Mediterranean for easier
  access
• American General Dwight D. Eisenhower was able to
  drive the Germans out of Northern Africa
• Allies invaded Sicily and then captured Italy

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The Allied Advance and D-Day

• In June 1944, the Allies planned to invade France
• June 6, 1944 5000 ships and landing craft
  carried 130,000 soldiers across the English
  Channel to a region in northern France called
  Normany

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• D-Day was the largest seaborne invasion in
  history
• More than 10,000 Allied troops were killed, but
  were able to secure the beaches by the end of the
  day

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Allied Advance Into France

• By the end of June 1944, more than 850,000 Allied
  troops had landed in France
• In August, the Allies had liberated Paris and
  continued to free the rest of France

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Battle of the Bulge

• German troops attacked the Allies stationed in
  Luxemburg and Belgium, the Allies were able to
  defeat the Germans (Germanys last major
  offensive)
• 120,000 Germans were killed and 80,000 Americans
  were killed, wounded or captured

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Notes

• Allies planned their European invasion
• June 6, 1944 5000 ships carried 130,000 soldiers
  to Normandy, France (D-Day/Operation Overlord)
• Largest seaborne invasion in history
• 10,000 Allied troops died but they were able to
  secure the beaches by the end of the day
• Allies continued to march into France to liberate
  the country

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Notes Continued

• Battle of the Bulge German troops attacked the
  Allies in Belgium and Luxemburg, Germans were
  defeated.
• Heavy Casualties
• 120,000 German died
• 80,000 Americans died, injured, or captured

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Victory in Europe

• Yalta Conference the Big Three (Roosevelt,
  Churchill, and Stalin) met to make plans for the
  end of the war and the future of Europe
• Met at Yalta, a resort in the Soviet Union

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• Agreed that they would establish an international
  peace keeping organization after the war and
  discussed the type of governments that would be
  set up in Europe
• Roosevelt died shortly after the Yalta Conference
  and Harry S. Truman took over as president

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• The Germans were in rough shape and they were
  being defeated
• On April 30, 1945 Hitler committed suicide in his
  bunker
• Days later, on April 2 the Soviets captured
  Berlin and on April 7 German leaders surrendered
  at General Eisenhowers headquarters in France
• May 8 was known as V-E Day, or Victory in Europe
  Day

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Notes

• Yalta Conference Big Three Roosevelt,
  Churchill, and Stalin met to discuss the end of
  the war and the future of Europe
• Roosevelt died in office and Truman took over
• Hitler commit suicide on April 30, 1945
• Berlin captured on May 2, 1945, surrendered on
  May 7 and V-E Day was declared on May 8, 1945