Tradition and Change in Europe

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Tradition and Change in Europe

• Chapter Two
• Section Four

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Jewish and Christian Traditions

• Judaism and the Importance of Laws
• Judaism refers to the religious beliefs of the
  Israelites, who lived more than _____ years ago.
• Israelites a.k.a _____
• Jews believe in one God and feel a sacred duty to
  obey Gods rules.
• Their history and laws are recorded in _____.
• Moses is credited by the Jews for bringing Gods
  law to them. These laws are known as____.

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Jewish and Christian Traditions

• Their view that no one is above Gods laws and
  that they must be obeyed was a very different
  view from other religions at the time.
• 2,000 years ago Jews left their homeland and
  scattered to different parts of the world.
• Jews maintained their religion and identity in
  their new homes.

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Jewish and Christian Traditions

• Christianity and the Teachings of Jesus
• 2,000 years ago Jesus a Jew who lived in the
  Roman Empire practiced the 10 Commandments.
• Jesus preached about Gods goodness and mercy.
  His followers called him the Messiah, savior
  chosen by God.
• The Gospels tell of how crowds flocked to hear
  Jesus preach and perform miracles.

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Jewish and Christian Traditions

• Jesus was seen as a political threat to local
  officials. He was arrested, tried, and crucified.
• Jesus inspired a new religion- Christianity.
  Christianity included Jewish traditions like
  ______.
• Jesus taught anyone could achieve _____.
• Christians were persecuted across the Roman
  empire and the religion had to practiced in
  secret.

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Jewish and Christian Traditions

• In 391 A.D. Christianity became the official
  religion of the empire.
• Christians formed a strong church and the church
  sent out ______ across Europe.
• Slowly the _____ brought non-Christians into the
  new faith.

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Greek and Roman Traditions

• Greek Ideas About Government
• Around 500 B.C. Greece entered a _____. There
  were Greek artists, poets, playwrights,
  thinkers (Socrates Aristotle).
• Socrates and Aristotle valued human reason, they
  believed that individuals could understand the
  natural world.
• Other Greek thinkers made important contributions
  to _______.

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Greek and Roman Traditions

• Greeks developed what math?
• The pioneered the idea that all matter is made up
  of small moving atoms.
• Greek thinkers debated on ____.
• Greeks lived in small city-states. First, a
  monarch ruled over each city-state. Slowly that
  changed. Some were ruled by a king others by
  wealthy people.
• Athens was the first city where democracy was
  created.

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Greek and Roman Traditions

• What was this democracy called?
• Athenians believed that people would___.
• There were many limits. What were some?
• Who was not a citizen?

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Greek and Roman Traditions

• Roman Government and Law
• In and around the Greeks golden age Rome a small
  city-state was growing.
• On its rode to building and empire Rome absorbed
  other small city-states and ideas and Greek
  ideas.
• In 509 B.C. the Romans over threw their king and
  set up a ____.
• In the_____ there was a Senate who assembled to
  make laws.

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Greek and Roman Traditions

• What happened that cause the republic to face a
  series of crises that caused military leaders to
  seize power?
• Who was one of these military leaders?
• Who took over after his death?
• How long did the Roman Empire last?
• What did the Roman Empire spread?
• How was everyone seen in Roman tradition?
• How were the accused thought of?
• How was their court system set up?

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Greek and Roman Traditions

• Decline of Rome
• Their decline was slow. Invaders attacked and
  overran many regions. Trade and travel also
  slowed down.
• As a result the Roman Empire splintered into
  small, warring kingdoms. (Dark Ages)

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The Middle Ages (500 A.D. 1400)

• Feudalism
• Kings and Queens emerged and warred over lands
  with nobles.
• What was the system of rule? What does it mean?
• In the ___ society the king and the most powerful
  lords were at the top.
• Most people were ____ who farmed the lords lands
  and could not leave the land without the lords
  permission.

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The Middle Ages

• Daily Life
• Feudal life revolved around___.
• The manor was self sufficient. However, the
  peasants hard a difficult life.
• Who was the most powerful force and what did they
  rule?
• They owned large amounts of land and were the
  source of education.
• Who were the only people who could read and
  write?
• What did their efforts do?

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The Middle Ages

• The Crusades
• When and why did the pace of change begin the
  speed up?
• What were the Crusades?
• What was the Holy Land and who controlled it?
• How many Christians journeyed to the Middle East.
• How long did these two groups fight?
• Who won in the end?

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The Middle Ages

• Growth of Trade
• How did the Crusades affect trade?
• What did Italian merchants realize and what did
  they do?

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The Middle Ages

• New Tools for Navigation
• What did trade bring?
• What did the Europeans acquire from the Muslims?
  Who did the Muslims acquire that from?
• What is an astrolabe?
• With these new instruments Europeans were able to
  sail far out to sea, beyond the sight of land.
• By 1500, Portugal had taken the lead in this new
  overseas travel.

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The Renaissance Expands Horizons

• As trade increased Europeans became more
  interested in learning about the world.
• As they began to study they began to make
  discoveries and produce books on art, medicine,
  astronomy, and chemistry.
• This burst of learning is called____.
• How long did it last?

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The Renaissance Expands Horizons

• What was the new invention that helped spread the
  Renaissance?
• Who was the German printer?
• How were books made before?

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The Renaissance Expands Horizons

• The Search for New Trade Routes
• During the Renaissance trade brought great
  prosperity. As a result rulers became more
  powerful.
• In England and France, the kings and queens began
  to control the feudal lords.
• In Spain and Portugal, Christians drove out
  Muslim rulers.
• What were all these leaders eager for?

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The Renaissance Expands Horizons

• Muslim and Italian merchants controlled trade
  routes across the ____.
• So what did the Europeans do?
• Where else did Europeans look to for trade? Why?

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The Renaissance Expands Horizons

• Portuguese Voyages
• Portugal was an early leader in the search for
  new trade routes to Asia and for African gold.
• Who encouraged early sea captains to sail south
  along the Western coast of Africa?
• He set up a school to teach sailors techniques of
  navigation and the art of shipbuilding.
• Under his guidance there was a new type of ship
  called ____.

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The Renaissance Expands Horizons

• What did this ship look like?
• Who do we know invented that type of ship
  already?
• What were some of the items Portuguese traders
  traded?
• What was their hope in sailing south?

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The Renaissance Expands Horizons

• In 1488, _____ reached the southern tip of
  Africa.
• Nine years later, in 1497, ____rounded___.
• He sailed up the Eastern Coast of ____ and across
  the Indian Ocean to India.
• The Portuguese pushed to the East Indies and the
  islands of Southeast Asia for ___.

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Independent Assignment

• Work on updating your dictionaries.

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Group Assignment

• Using the graphic organizer read, find, and write
  the important facts about the traditions that
  shaped European civilizations. Each student must
  have their own graphic organizer.