Psychology in AI

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Psychology in AI
Engineering Psychology

• Artificial thinking, Structure of
  Intelligence,Personal Constract Psychology (PCP),

Jakub Jura jakub.jura_at_fs.cvut.cz http//users.fs.c
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What the Intelligence is?

• Ability to adapt, to shape and to select an
  environments.
• Higher form of organisation of cognive processes.
• General mental capacity of an individual
  consciously to adjust his thinking to new
  requirements of environment.

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Structure of Intelligence

• Gardner multiple Intelligence
• Linguistic intelligence
• Logical-mathematical intelligence
• Musical intelligence
• Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
• Spatial intelligence
• Interpersonal intelligence
• Intrapersonal intelligence

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Guilford modelStructure of intellect

• Factor analysis
• operations
• contents
• products

figural
Content dimension Figural - Concrete, real world
information, tangible objects -- things in the
environment. It includes visual information
perceived through seeing auditory information
perceived through hearing and kinesthetic
information perceived through one's own physical
actions. Symbolic - Information perceived as
symbols or signs that stand for something else,
e.g., Arabic numerals, the letters of an
alphabet, or musical and scientific
notations. Semantic - Concerned with verbal
meaning and ideas. Generally considered to be
abstract in nature. Behavioral - Information
perceived as acts of people. (This dimension was
not fully researched in Guilford's project,
remains theoretical, and is generally not
included in the final model that he proposed for
describing human intelligence.)
Product dimension Units - Single items of
knowledge. Classes - Sets of units sharing common
attributes. Relations - Units linked as opposites
or in associations, sequences, or
analogies. Systems - Multiple relations
interrelated to comprise structures or
networks. Transformations - Changes,
perspectives, conversions, or mutations to
knowledge. Implications - Predictions,
inferences, consequences, or anticipations of
knowledge.
http//www.alsi.net/Learning/Styles.htm
Operations dimension Cognition - The ability to
understand, comprehend, discover, and become
aware of information. Memory recording - The
ability to encode information. Memory retention -
The ability to recall information. Divergent
production - The ability to generate multiple
solutions to a problem creativity. Convergent
production - The ability to deduce a single
solution to a problem rule-following or
problem-solving. Evaluation - The ability to
judge whether or not information is accurate,
consistent, or valid.
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Sternberg Triarchic inteligence theory
Analytical giftedness

• Intelligence is a mental activity directed toward
  purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping
  of, real-world environments relevant to ones
  life.
• Componential 
• Metacomponents
• managing our mind / homunculus.
• performance components
• perceiving problems
• perceiving relations between objects
• applying relations to another set of terms
• knowledge-acquisition components
• obtaining new information
• selectively choosing information
• selectively combine the various pieces of
  information
• Experiential -
• how well the task perform
• Novelty X Automation
• Practical (contextual)
• adaptation
• shaping
• selection

Creative giftedness
Practical giftedness (street smarts )
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Artificial Intelligence

• (Behavioral) The ability of a computer or other
  machine to perform actions thought to require
  intelligence.
• (Bionics) Artificial Intelligence is the study of
  human intelligence such that it can be replicated
  artificially.

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AI Domains and problems

• Deduction, reasoning, problem solving
• Knowledge representation
• Planning
• Optimalisation
• (Machine) Learning (ML)
• Natural language processing
• Artificial Live (AL)
• Knowledge and expert systems (ES)

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AI Tools and Methodes

• ANN
• Logic
• Fuzzy logic
• Semantic networks
• State space search (GPS)
• Frames

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Artificial and natural Neuron
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Artificial and natural Neural Network

• Classification, recognition

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Mental Association Law

• A Primary (J. Lock)
• (1) law of Similars (connecting what is identical
  or similar)
• (2) law of Contrast (connectiong what is sharply
  different)
• (3) law of Coadjacency (connecting what is near
  and soon.).
• B Secondary (T.Brown)
• (1) law of Immediacy (connecting what is new)
• (2) law of Homogeneity ()
• (3) law of Facility ()

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Association experiment

• C. G. Jung
• 100 words
• Proband say first ideas
• Time is registered
• The associations are analysed

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Association network
Make a assotiation network ! Start on the blank
paper by the arbitrary word. And connecting and
connectng. Work spontaneously.
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George Kelly (1905 - 1967)
.A persons processes are psychologically
channelized by the way in which he anticipates
events.

• Personal construct theory
• Personal Construct
• Usefull concept, convenient fiction, transparent
  template.
• Way of description, evaluation, interpretation
  and explanation of the world.
• REP - role construct repertory test

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Personal Construct

• Our constructs determine our subjective reality.
• And we have no

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REP Test

• Ideogrammic map of the the individual systém of
  the constructs.
• Choice 5 persons which is significant for you.
• Father, mother, brother/sister, friend, partner,
  teacher, chief, schoolmate etc. me )
• Minimal context method triad of compared
  elements (objects).
• First pole is created on the basis of similarity
  and the second one on the principle of contrast.

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Properties of the constructs

• Permeability is possible to use tahem to any
  others objects?
• Transmittableness - are comprehensible to the
  others?
• Situatednes determine by the situation
• Shallow e.g. Eye colour
• Vague e.g. Is fine.

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Creative moments in PCT

• Loosening
• Tithening

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Osgoods Semantic Diferencial

• SD is the instrument for the measuring of a
  connotative meaning of concepts.
• Evaluation Potency Activity
• This subject is ? ?

Good Quick Ugly Blunt Solid
Bad Slow Pretty Sharp Liquid
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