1
A Global Conflict

• Chapter 29 - Section 3

2
Introduction

• World War I was much more than a European
  conflict Australia and Japan, for example,
  entered the war on the Allies side, while India
  supplied troops to fight alongside their British
  rulers. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Turks and later
  Bulgaria allied themselves with Germany and the
  Central Powers. As the war promised to be a grim,
  drawn-out affair, all the Great Powers looked for
  other allies around the globe to tip the balance.
  They also sought new war fronts on which to
  achieve victory.

3
War Affects the World

• The Gallipoli Campaign
• Allies move to capture Ottoman Dardanelles strait
  in February 1915.
• Hope to defeat the Ottoman Empire, a Central
  Powers ally.
• Also want to open a supply line through region to
  Russia.
• Effort ends in costly Allied defeat.

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The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
6
War Affects the World

• Battles in Africa and Asia
• Allies take control of German holdings in Asia
  and Africa.
• Britain and France use their colonial subjects to
  help in war effort

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Sikh British Soldiers in India
8
Fighting in Africa
Black Soldiers in the German SchutztruppenGerman
E. Africa
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
9
Fighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
10
War Affects the World

• America Joins the Fight
• Germany seeks to control Atlantic Ocean to stop
  supplies to Britain.
• Germany uses unrestricted submarine warfare, and
  ship near Britain are sunk without warning.
• Germany halts this policy in 1915 after the
  sinking of the Lusitania angers the United States

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RMS Lusitania arriving in New York on her maiden
voyage arriving in New York in September 1907.
Upon its sinking by a German U-boat on May 7,
1915, 1,198 people died when the ship went down.
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The Sinking of the Lusitania
13
War Affects the World

• Germany renews unrestricted policy in 1917 in
  hopes to starve Britain quickly.
• Renewal of policy angers the United States.
• Zimmermann Telegrameffort to enlist Mexico in
  war against the United Statesangers the United
  States.
• The United States declares war against Germany in
  April 1917 joining the Allies.

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The Zimmerman Note
15
War Affects the Home Front

• Governments Wage Total War
• World War I becomes a total warnations devote
  all resources to war.
• Governments take control of the economy to
  produce war goods.
• Nations turn to rationinglimiting purchases of
  war-related goods.
• Propagandaone sided information to build morale
  and support for the war.

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Australian Poster
17
American Poster
18
Financing the War
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German Poster
Think of Your Children!
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War Affects the Home Front

• Women and the War
• At home, thousands of women fill jobs previously
  held by men.
• Many women also experience the war by working as
  nurses.

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Financing the War
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• For Recruitment

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Munitions Workers
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French Women Factory Workers
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German Women Factory Workers
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Working in the Fields
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A Woman Ambulance Driver
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• Red Cross Nurses

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• Women in the Army Auxiliary

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Russian Women Soldiers
31
Spies

• Mata Hari
• Real Name Margareetha Geertruide
  Zelle
• Double-Agent?

32
1918 Flu Pandemic Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 100,000,000 died
33
The Allies Win the War

• Russia Withdraws
• Civil unrest in Russia forces Czar to step down
  from throne in 1917.
• Communists soon take control of Russias
  government.
• Russia signs a treaty with Germany in March 1918,
  pulls out of war.

34
The Allies Win the War

• The Central Powers Collapse
• With Russia gone, Germany moves most forces to
  Western Front
• Engage in major fighting Allies force Germans to
  retreat.
• Allies win war armisticeend of fightingsigned
  November 1918.

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11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
36
The Legacy of the War

• A High Price
• War takes heavy toll 8.5 million soldiers dead,
  21 million wounded
• War devastates European economies, drains
  national treasuries.
• Many acres of land and homes, villages, towns
  destroyed.
• Survivors suffer disillusionment and despair
  reflected in the arts.

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39
A Street in ArrasJohn Singer Sargent, 1918
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Oppy Wood John Nash, 1917
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Those Who Have Lost Their NamesAlbin
Eggar-Linz, 1914
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Gassed and WoundedEric Kennington, 1918
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Paths of GloryC. R. W. Nevinson, 1917