CHILD SUPPORT PROGRAMME

1
CHILD SUPPORT PROGRAMME

• PAKISTAN

2
Hypothesis

• CSP Pilot Hypothesis linking additional cash
  support to the FSP families with children would
  force them to invest in human capital
  development. By doing this, PBM can further
  assist ongoing government efforts towards
  achieving universal primary education.

3
Rationale

• Food Support Programme is Pakistans largest cash
  transfer program. It reaches some 1.45 million
  households. The annual budget is close to US 70
  million dollars per year
• Pakistan Bait-Ul-Mal with technical assistance
  from WB and DFID decided to pilot and evaluate
  the impact of offering additional cash transfers
  conditional on families sending their children to
  school.
• For the pilot, 5 districts were chosen with about
  50,000 FSP families. Out of them, about 27,000
  families had children of ages 5 to 12.

4
Percentage of families with children of age 5 to
12 enrolled in school by age in the treatment
areas
5
General Objectives of CSP

• Increase the number of children in primary
  education towards the achievement of Universal
• Primary Education
• Promote the investment in human capital for
  poverty reduction.

6
Specific Objectives of CSP

• Increase primary school registration in the
  target districts
• Reduce dropout rates
• Increase attendance levels
• Provide additional resources to the FSP
  beneficiaries having children of school going age.

7
Target Population

• Initially the Programme will cover existing
  beneficiaries of FSP with at least one child of
  primary school going age
• Additional beneficiaries will be added as long as
  space becomes available within the approved
  budget. New poor families will be chosen using
  proxy means test methodology (second part of the
  presentation)

8
Benefits

• Beneficiaries are entitled to receive Rs. 3,000
  (US 50) a year from the FSP on quarterly basis
• The CSP beneficiary is entitled to receive
  additional
• Rs. 200 (US 3.3) per month for one child
• Rs. 350 (US 5.8) if they have two or more
  children of school going age

9
Conditionalities

• Beneficiaries
• Children of FSP families between the age of
  5-12 years.
• Conditions
• Be registered in the primary school
• Must attend at least 80 of classes
• Pass the final examination.

10
Duration and Exit Policy

• Households will stay in the Programme as long as
  their children meet the conditionalities.
• Benefits are suspended when
• Children fail to comply with given conditions
• Children have failed in final exam for three
  consecutive times
• Beneficiaries have provided false information.

11
Evaluation of the Programme

• Treatment group
• Families participating in the Food Support
  program that have children in the age group 5-12
  in the treatment districts.
• Control Group
• 1) Current FSP beneficiaries in the control
  districts
• 2) Non beneficiaries to be selected in the
  treatment districts

12
Data requirements

• QUANTITATIVE DATA should be collected three
  times
• Baseline data 2,500 households and 200 schools
  in the treatment and control districts before the
  enrollment of the beneficiaries in the new
  program.
• Assessment of 4 months into the program get
  ideas of the impact of the program, the need for
  improvements in the design and implementation of
  the program.
• A second data collection follow up on the same
  households to assess the impact of the program
  after the end of the school year and the
  enrollment in the following school year.

13
PROJECT CYCLE
TARGETING
COMPLIANCE
ME -program performance -service provision
CASE MAGMT
ENROLLMENT
PAYMENTS
14
Implementation

• Design document was approved in June 2006
• First version of the operational manual in August
  2006
• Development of the MIS by modules between
  September 2006 and April 2007
• Enrollment process completed in December 2006
• First payment for January 2007
• First control of conditions for March 2007
• Expansion of the programme to 100,000 households
  for August 2007.
• World Bank is preparing an investment loan to
  support the expansion process.

15
ANALYSIS OF TARGETING MECHANISMSFOR PAKISTAN AND
CCTs IN GENERAL
16
IMPORTANCE OF TARGETING

• Maximize
• reduction in poverty
• increase in social welfare
• Targeting ensures that limited program resources
  reach the poorest households
• Targeting allow that the poor population are not
  excluded.

17
TARGETING METHODOLOGIES

• Geographic targeting
• Proxy means test
• Community based targeting
• Some Programmes are using combinations of the
  above methodologies

18
WHY COMBINATIONS?

• CCTs are expensive Programmes, and highly
  criticized if targeting systems are not good.
• More and more Programmes are implementing
  combined systems to assure better targeting.

19
TARGETING SYSTEMS IN CCTs

• Combination of GT and PMT. Examples in Mexico,
  Pakistan, Colombia
• Combination of GT and CBT. Examples in Kenya
• Combination of PMT and CBT. Example in Sri Lanka
• Combination of GT, PMT and CBT. Example to be
  implemented in Tanzania.

20
GT-PMT-CBT

• Geographic targeting is applied to eliminate
  non-poor areas
• Proxy means test is used to identify individual
  households within poor areas
• Community based targeting is applied to
  prioritize list of beneficiaries and/or verify
  extreme inclusion errors
• Example Sri Lanka

21
GT-CBT-PMT

• Geographic targeting is used to eliminate
  non-poor areas
• Community based targeting is applied to identify
  initial list of potential beneficiaries by local
  committees
• Proxy means test to verify inclusion errors and
  order the list of potential beneficiaries to
  produce a priority list
• Example Tanzania?

22
COMBINED SYSTEMS

• ADVANTAGES
• Balanced participation of the Programme execution
  unit and community
• Acceptance by all stakeholders
• Lower levels of exclusion and inclusion errors
• LIMITATIONS
• They tend to be expensive, specially in the
  initial stages
• Difficult to be accepted by stakeholders in the
  beginning
• If not well designed, system may end up in chaos.

23
Thank you!!!