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HE HAS DISSOLVED REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES
REPEATEDLY, FOR OPPOSING WITH MANLY FIRMNESS HIS
INVASIONS OF THE RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE. -COMPLAINT
ABOUT KING GEORGE IN THE DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE
Daily Comment Card
RATIFIED 1792
THE ELASTIC CLAUSE AND THE TENTH AMENDMENT
GEORGE WASHINGTON
-The 10th amendment restricts the federal
government to the powers granted it by the
constitution. Everything else goes to the
state. -Article I, section 8 grants the
government the power to make all laws
necessary and proper for carrying out its
powers -The conflict is determining if the
federal government or the states has the power
-FIRST PRESIDENT -unanimously elected -served two
terms -set standard of leadership -declared
Proclamation of Neutrality, keeping us out of
European wars -Farewell Address warned against
entangling alliances and political party
factions
SONGS FOR THE DAY CONTROL
2
PEOPLE TO KNOW (REVOLUTION)
JOHN TRUMBULL, SR
Colonial governor who sided with the colonists
against the British
JOHN PETER MUHLENBERG
Clergyman who recruited soldiers to fight the
British
JOHN JAY
Helped write Federalist Papers first Chief
Justice of Supreme Court negotiated Jay Treaty
(boundaries with England)
1/17
3
PEOPLE TO KNOW (REVOLUTIONDeclaration signers)
BENJAMIN RUSH
Father of American Medicine signed the
Declaration of Independence
JOHN WITHERSPOON
Signer of the Declaration of Independence,
President of New Jersey College (Princeton)
JOHN HANCOCK
President of Second Continental Congress, signed
the Declaration of Independence (big signature)
2/17
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DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
Mostly written by Thomas Jefferson
Gave reasons why colonists wanted (demanded)
independence from Great Britain.
Listed the grievances of American colonists
against the British King (the things King George
III had done wrong)
Said that the purpose of government was to
protect citizens (unalienable) rights to life,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness
Justifies the overthrow of the government that
abuses the rights of the people
3/17
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DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
When in the Course of human events, it becomes
necessary for one people to dissolve the
political bands which have connected them with
another We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men are created equal,
that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That
to secure these rights, Governments are
instituted among Men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed, --That whenever
any Form of Government becomes destructive of
these ends, it is the Right of the People to
alter or to abolish it, and to institute new
Government, laying its foundation on such
principles and organizing its powers in such
form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect
their Safety and Happiness...
4/17
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A. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
While Jefferson was writing the Declaration of
Independence, John Dickinson drafted the first
constitution for the United States THE ARTICLES
OF CONFEDERATION.
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Under the articles government had one body
CONGRESS Each state 1 vote unanimous vote
required to amend the articles.
Had the power to Wage war, make treaties, send
diplomats, borrow money Could not Tax or
regulate trade
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• Despite their weaknesses, they managed to
• Win the war
• Establish a policy for western lands (Land
  Ordinance of 1785)
• Set laws for creating new states (Northwest
  Ordinance of 1787)

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Problems with boundaries
No power to tax, raise money
Quarreling among states
No respect from other countries
Weak (no) executive
Shays rebellion
8/17
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B. SHAYS REBELLION
SHAYS REBELLION (rude
awakening) The rebellion of farmers in 1787
provided the elite society with a wake up call
about the need for a stronger central government
9/17
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• THE CONSTITUTION
• 1. CONVENTION

The Articles of Confederation work from 1781-1787
Then a convention was called with the sole and
express purpose to revise the Articles of
Confederation.
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U.S. CONSTITUTION (1787)
Replaced the ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
Set up a new national government
Set up three branches of government EXECUTIVE
(President) LEGISLATIVE (Congress) JUDICIAL
(Supreme Court)
Provided system of Checks and Balances to ensure
no branch too powerful. (meaning some of the
power overlaps)
11/17
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• THE CONSTITUTION
• 2. COMPROMISES

GREAT COMPROMISE (REPRESENTATION)
TWO HOUSES (BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE) -SENATE
(equal representation) -HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES (population)
House of Representatives
Senate
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3/5 COMPROMISE
-SLAVERY ALREADY AN ISSUE
3/5
COMPROMISE IS COUNT 3 OF EVERY 5 SLAVES FOR BOTH
TAXATION AND REPRESENTATION. ESSENTIALLY SAYS A
SLAVE IS NOT A WHOLE PERSON.
13/17
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• THE CONSTITUTION
• 3. RATIFICATION

The Federalist Papers
(written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and
John Jay) were written for a New
York newspaper and presented reasons for
supporting the
Constitution. The biggest objection to the
constitution was overcome by adding
the Bill of Rights
(first 10 amendments).
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AMENDMENT WHAT DID IT DO?
1 FREEDOM OF SPEECH, RELIGION, PRESS, ASSEMBLY,PETITION GOVT
2 BEAR ARMS
3 NO QUARTERING SOLDIERS
4 NO UNREASONABLE SEARCH SEIZURE
5 GRAND JURY, NO SELF-INCRIMINATION, DUE PROCESS
6 SPEEDY, PUBLIC TRIAL CONFRONT WITNESSES, ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
7 TRIAL BY JURY
8 NO EXCESSIVE BAIL, NO CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT
9 LISTING OF RIGHTS DOES NOT LIMIT OTHERS RETAINED BY PUBLIC
10 POWERS NOT DELEGATED TO STATES OR PROHIBITED, RESERVED FOR THE STATE
4. BILLOF RIGHTS
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PHILOSOPHICAL INFLUENCES ON THE CONSTITUTION
MONTESQUIEU
Gives us the idea of separation of
powers--each branch has its own duties
SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORISTS
GOVERNMENT IS A CONTRACT WITH THE PEOPLE
THE KING (AUTHORITY) HAS THE DUTY TO PROVIDE
SECURITY.
HOBBES
PEOPLE AGREE TO FORM A SOCIETY (BY UNANIMOUS
CONSENT) AND GOVERNMENT (BY MAJORITY) IS
RESPONSIBLE TO THEM. LESS GOVERNMENT MORE
FREEDOM
LOCKE
ROUSSEAU
EACH MEMBER SURRENDERS RIGHTS TO THE COMMUNITY.
THE GENERAL WILL IS ALWAYS RIGHT
16/17
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E PLURIBUS UNUM
OUT OF MANY ONE It was the motto suggested by
the committed appointed by Congress in July
1776 to design a seal for the country -Is the
motto that was selected by Charles Thomson in
1782 when he created the Great Seal with the
American bald Eagle centerpiece -It represents
the union between the states and the federal
government
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