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• Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
  Education Sector II
• An exploratory study on the status and the role
  of employers in the Social Dialogue in Education
  in different national contexts
• By Riku Matilainen
• ETUCE joint regional seminar
• Brussels
• Mars 2006

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Project title Strengthening European Social
Dialogue in the Education Sector II

• The survey about social dialogue is -
  addressed to teacher unions and to the
  experts within these organisations
• -gt ETUCE member organisations on the employer
  role in the social dialogue -gt focus on
  inside knowledge and expert opinion
• - rooted in a comparative method -gt find
  similarities and differences -gt find
  strengths and weaknesses -gt summed up in a
  comparative report

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II- A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• The survey about social dialogue
• -gt The survey was answered by 32 ETUCE member
  and associated organisations covering 23 European
  countries
• -gt The teachers unions are seen as one single
  coherent entity, but also studied as two groups
  EU15/EFTA ? 19 organisations 13 c.
• EU104 ? 13 organisations 10 c.

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• The survey covered the following issues
  I
• Teachers unions and Labour market relations
• Organisation of TU,
• Central organisations,
• amount of TUs
• (and employer (counter-)parts in different
  levels)
• Structure of the public administration and
  distribution of (public) responsibilities in
  education
• Amount local administrative units and
• Number of levels in the administrative structure
  of the country
• Future trends an challenges in your country
• Budgetary stability, privatisation,
  decentralisation, division of responsibilities
  and challenges in the education sector

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• The survey covered the following issues II
• Mapping employers in the different levels of
  education
• In relation to working conditions wages, working
  time, leave.
• Employer representation and organisation in
  education
• Employers by sector and organisation
• low level or non-organisation,
• interest in education,
• obstacles for participation

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• Factors influencing the structure of Labour
  market relations and of the social dialogue 1.
• The degree of organisation-share of teachers are
  organized. (2005)
• EU15/EFTA average 60 and EU104 average 54
  
• ( variation between organisations is 2 -99 )
• Amount of Teachers unions The average amount was
  
• For al of the participating countries 6 unions
  (variation 1-40 TU/c)
• EU15/EFTA 9 (variation 2-40
  TU/c) EU104 average 3
  (variation 1-14 TU/c)
• (Over 10 unions Portugal 40, France 26, Denmark
  14, Poland 14)
• -Influencing the level of fragmentation?

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• Factors influencing the structure of Labour
  market relations and of the social dialogue 2.
• The membership profile of the Teachers unions-
  in which sectors (Public, private, church, other)
  are the members working
• -The common factor for al of the unions were
  that some of their members worked in the public
  sector.
• In the EU15/EFTA were seven/(17) and in the
  EU104 there were four/(11) unions that had
  (98-100 ) al of their members working in the
  public sector. So in their members are almost
  solely in that sector.
• In the EU15/EFTA the average figure was 78 of
  TU- members
• In the EU104 the figure was 65
  

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• Factors influencing the structure of Labour
  market relations and of the social dialogue 3.
• The membership profile of the Teachers unions-
  the members working in the private sector
• - Only half 17 /32 of the TU had members in the
  private sector and in the EU15/EFTA were 12/(19)
  and in the EU104 there were five/13 that had
  members in the private sector.
• - In the EU15/EFTA the average was 10 (1- 30
  )

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• Factors influencing the structure of Labour
  market relations and of the social dialogue 4.
• The membership profile of the Teachers unions-
  the members working in the church sector (or
  other sect.)
• - Only half 14 /32 of the TU had members in the
  church sector and in the EU15/EFTA were 7/(19)
  and in the EU104 there were 7/13 that had
  members in the church sector.
• - In EU15/EFTA the amount was between (0,2- 82
  )
• (Ireland 82, Portugal 40)
• - In EU104 the figures was between (0,2 -81)
• ( Slovac Republic 81, Czech 40)

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• Employers representation and organisation I
• The existence of employer organisations
• -In most of the countries there are employer
  organisations according to the participating TU.
• Employers organisations in countries
  EU15 EU104
• 1-2 8 4 4
• 3-4 6 5 1
• 5-10 5 3 2
• 10 gt 5 3 2
• - There is no clear difference between EU15/EFTA
  and EU104

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• Employers representation and organisation II
• The existence of an employer organisation in
  education
• -In the majority of countries there are employer
  organisations in education according to the
  participating TU.
• Employers organisations in education
• Al EU15/EFTA EU104
• YES 17 13 4
• NO 12 3 9
• There is a clear difference. In EU15/EFTA there
  are often employer organisations in education and
  in EU104 countries the situation seem to be
  different

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• Employers in education in different
  sectors
• The type of employers and share of teachers
  covered

Employers Public Private Church Other
EU15/EFTA Min-max 15 85 (60 100) 12 13 (5 25) 9 (10) 4 (5)
EU104 Min-max 10 91 (85 98) 8 7 (1,5 10) 5 (0.5-5) 1
Total 25 (88) 20 14 5
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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• Employers organisations in education and
  member-ship in central or European organisations

Membership Central organisation European organisation
EU15/EFTA Yes No 6 9 Yes No 8 4
EU104 Yes No 1 1 9 Yes No 2 8
Total 7 1 18 10 12
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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts
Employers interest in education Agree Partly agree Neutral Partly Dis-agree Dis-agree
Employers interest in education is low 4 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 - 3 3 - 12 7 5
Employers interest in education is high 11 7 4 4 2 2 1 1 - - 5 3 2
Employers interest in education is politically oriented 12 7 5 6 6 - 1 1 - - 3 - 3
AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts
Employers interest in education Agree Partly agree Neutral Partly Dis-agree Dis-agree
Employers interest in education is commercial 3 3 - 3 2 1 3 1 2 4 2 2 7 4 3
Employers interest in education is socially relevant 7 3 4 9 5 4 1 1 - 3 2 1 1 1 -
Employers interest in education is generally accepted 10 6 4 7 3 4 1 1 - 3 2 1 1 1 -
AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue

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Employers organisation Agree Partly agree Neutral Partly Disagree Dis-agree
Employers organisation is well organized at school level 5 2 3 5 4 1 4 3 1 4 2 2 7 4 3
Employers organisation is well organized at local level 3 3 6 4 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 10 3 7
Employers organisation is well organized at regional level 4 4 7 6 1 1 - 1 3 2 1 8 1 7
Employers organisation is well organized at national level 12 10 2 5 4 1 - 3 3 5 5
Employers organisation is well organized at European level 3 3 3 2 1 4 4 - - 8 2 6
AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue AL is black, EU15/EFTA is green, EU10 4 is blue

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

Is there a low degree of or non-organisation Yes No Is there a low degree of or non-organisation Yes No Is there a low degree of or non-organisation Yes No
EU15/EFTA 2 13
EU104 9 0
Total 11 13
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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

• In EU15/EFTA there are TU from two countries
  that points towards a low or non-organisation of
  employers Greece and Portugal
• - In Greece the reason chosen among the
  alternatives is that there is no need for a
  formal organisation
• - In Portugal the reason chosen among the
  alternatives is that there are competing
  interests among the employers

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts
Organisational and System- related reasons Agree Partly agree Partly Disagree Dis-agree
There is no need for a formal organisation 5 6
Informal cooperation which compensates the lack of 1 2 1 3
There is competing interests among the employers 3 1 1 2
The system of education is too fragmented 2 2 3
The system of education is too decentralized 3 1 4
The system of education has too many actors 2 2 1 4

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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

Organisational and System- related reasons Agree Partly agree Partly Disagree Dis-agree
The system of education is built around legislation/ regulation which prohibits the organisation of employers 1 7
The system of education is built around legislation/ regulation which supports the organisation of employers 1 2 2 4
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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts

Any obstacles for employers organisations to assume the mandate to enter into collective agreements Yes No Any obstacles for employers organisations to assume the mandate to enter into collective agreements Yes No Any obstacles for employers organisations to assume the mandate to enter into collective agreements Yes No
EU15/EFTA 4 9
EU104 8 4
Total 12 13
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Strengthening European Social Dialogue in the
Education Sector II - A study on the status and
the role of employers in the Social Dialogue in
Education in different national contexts
Main obstacles for active participation of employers Agree Partly agree Partly Disagree Dis-agree
legislation forbids it 1 1 2 - 1 3
legislation makes it difficult - 1 - 2 1 - 2 1
the civil servant status of employees 1 1 1 3
problems with cooperation with government actors on different levels 1 2 1 2 -
resistance from employer organisations themselves 1 - 1 1 1 -
competition from other employer organisations 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 -
unwillingness of employers to organize 1 3 1 1 1 -
Associations exist but they lack the mandate to represent - 4 1 - 2 -

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