The Role of Nutrients

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The Role of Nutrients
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Benefits of Good Nutrition

1. Growth, Development, and Function
2. Fitness
3. Job Performance
4. Appearance
5. Less Risk of Illness
6. Long-term Health

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Malnutrition

• Malnutrition Poor nutrition over a prolonged
  period
• What is a Calorie (kilocalorie)?
• It is the amount of energy needed to raise the
  temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 Celsius
• It is how we measure the amount of energy we put
  into our body.

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Six types of Essential Nutrients

1. Carbohydrates - Bodys main source of energy.
   Examples Grains, potatoes, vegetables.

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• Carbohydrates
• 55 of Your Daily Caloric Intake

Simple Carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates
Natural Sugars Fruit Fructose Grains
Maltose Dairy - Lactose
Refine Sugar These are sugars extracted from
plants ex. Honey molasses
Dietary Fiber Ex. Fruits and Vegetables (SKIN)_
Starches Ex. Potatoes and Grains
Insoluble Fiber Will not dissolve In water
Soluble Fiber Dissolve in water
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Simple vs Complex

• Simple Carbohydrate
• A carbohydrate with a simple chemical
  structure. Digests very quickly.
• Monosaccharide
• MonoOne (single chemical unit)
• Saccharide Sugar
• i.e. Glucose(also known as dextrose), galactose
  and Fructose

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OR

• Disaccharide
• A sugar made of two Monosaccharide's
• Sucrose Glucose Fructose
• Found in sugar cane
• Lactose glucose galactose
• Found in milk

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Complex Carbohydrate

• Complex Carbohydrate
• Consists of a complex chemical structure than
  sugar.
• Polysaccharide
• PolyMany
• Requires more work for the body to digest,
  therefore provides energy longer while the body
  processes it.

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Fats 30-33 of your daily caloric intake

• Fats - Concentrated source of energy
• Examples Butter, dressings, baked goods.

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Cholesterol IS NOT A FAT! It is a fatlike
substance present in all body cells that is
needed for many essential body processes.
LDL Low-density lipoprotein (Bad
Cholesterol) Is a chemical that takes cholesterol
from the liver to wherever it is needed in the
body. Excess builds up in artery walls
HDL High-Density lipoproteins (Happy
Cholesterol) A chemical that picks up
excess Cholesterol and takes it back to the liver
keeping it from causing harm
Fats, also known as fatty acids, do not dissolve
in water. 3 Fatty Acids Glycerol
Triglycerides The main component of
fat HydrogenPart of every fatty acid
Trans Fats Fats produced by food Processors.
They turn liquid Fats into solid fats. Missing
hydrogen ADDED to Unsaturated fats.
Unsaturated Fatty Acids Fat that is liquid at
room Temperature Missing some hydrogen units.
Saturated Fatty Acids Fat that is solid at room
temp. Fats that appear to raise the Level of LDL
in the bloodstream Contains all of the hydrogen
it can hold.
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Fats that appear to
lower LDL Cholesterol Only one hydrogen unit
missing
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Fats that seem to
help lower cholesterol levels 2 or more hydrogen
units missing
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Your Challenge Today..

• Define cholesterol.
• Identify the fats which raises cholesterol
  levels.
• Define Essential Fatty Acids.
• Explain how Omega 3 is related to Essential Fatty
  acids.
• Identify three sources food sources containing
  Omega-3
• Explain the benefits of Omega-3 affects
  cholesterol levels.

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Protein

• 3. Protein Helps build, repair and maintain
  body tissue. Examples Poultry, eggs, milk, and
  beef.

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12-18 of Your Daily Caloric Intake
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What is an Amino Acid?

• Building Blocks of protein
• Binds all other amino acids together, to form
  complete protein.
• 22 Amino Acids make up thousands of strands of
  protein.
• Of those 22, you must get 9 from food. They are
  called Essential Amino Acids

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To Review, Foods Containing Essential Amino
Acids.

• Complete Proteins (all 9 Essential Amino Acids
  present)
• Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk and soy and soy
  products.
• Incomplete Proteins (lacking one or more of the 9
  essential amino acids)
• Most Plant foods

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What can you combine, to make a complete protein

• Legumes (Beans) Rice
• Legumes Corn
• Legumes Nuts
• Dairy Products Whole Grain
• Vegetarians must combine incomplete proteins, to
  get all 9 essential amino acids.

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Digesting your energy providers

• Carbohydrates
• Simple than Complex
• 2. Fats
• 3. Protein
• Consequently, Low-Carb, No- Carb diets starve
  your body of carbs, therefore feed on your body
  fat and protein for energy taking protein away
  from tissue.

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Need Daily- Are not part of your caloric intake

• Vitamins Chemicals that help regulate many
  vital body processes and aid other nutrients.
  Examples Vitamins C, D E
• Minerals Non-living substances that help the
  body work and can become part of body tissue.
  Examples Calcium Potassium

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Water

• Water Essential to life.

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• Nutrient Deficiency Nutrient shortage produces
  many possible symptoms depending on the nutrient.

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Role of Nutrients

• Dietary Fiber a mixture of plant materials that
  is not broken down in the digestive system.
• DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes)
• Standards used for assessing nutrients needs
  among people of different age and gender groups.
• RDAs (Recommended Dietary Allowances) The
  amounts of a nutrient needed by 98 of the people
  in a given area and gender group.
• AIs - (Adequate Intakes) Used when a lack of RDA
  cannot be established.

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• Can malnutrition exist where food is abundant?
• YES
• Why? Due to poor diet or a medical
  condition
• What four factors determine the number of
  calories your body needs?
• Activity level
• Age
• Weight
• Gender