Launching the New Ship of State

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Launching the New Ship of State
1789-1800
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SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events
and key ideas that brought about the adoption and
implementation of the United States Constitution.

• e. Explain the importance of the Presidencies of
  George Washington and John Adams include the
  Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe,
  and the development of political parties
  (Alexander Hamilton).

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Standard 5, E Structure

• George Washington
• Whiskey Rebellion
• Rise of Political Parties
• Non-intervention in Europe
• Alexander Hamilton
• Creation of Federal Bank
• Beliefs concerning Economics
• Thomas Jefferson
• Rise of Jeffersonians
• Feud with Alexander Hamilton
• John Adams
• Quasi-War with France
• Alien and Sedition Acts

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Todays Lesson Structure

• DQ (5 min)
• PowerPoint Lecture/Discussion (20-25 min)
• Letter Writing Activity (15 min)
• Presentation of Letters (15 min)

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Lets See How Far Weve Come

• Boston Tea Party
• Lexington/Concord
• Yorktown
• Articles of Confederation
• Shays Rebellion
• Constitution ratification

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• NOW LETS PUT THIS NEW CONSTITUTION INTO ACTION

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George Washington

• Unanimously elected by Electoral College in 1789
• Rather apathetic towards politics, but favored
  Federalists policies
• Established a cabinet full of political opposites.

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How has the power of the President changed?

• Use the census results from 1790 and 2000 to
  compare and contrast.
• 1790- 3.9 million 2000- 300 million

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Whiskey Rebellion, 1794

• Southwestern PA (p. 184)
• Violent protest in reaction to taxes on whiskey
• GW called the militias of several states
• Doubt arose as to if one state would come to the
  aid of another state.
• Legacy having used a sledgehammer to crush a
  gnat.

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InterpretationWhat is this picture saying?
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InterpretationWhat is this picture saying?
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Washington and the Rise of Political Parties

• 2004 Electoral Map Kerry(blue) v. Bush (red)
• How has the two party system divided our country?

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Washington Warns of Political Parties

• "It serves to distract the Public Councils, and
  enfeeble the Public Administration....agitates
  the Community with ill-founded jealousies and
  false alarms kindles the animosity of
  one....against another....it opens the door to
  foreign influence and corruption...thus the
  policy and the will of one country are subjected
  to the policy and will of another."

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Divisions Within

• Former Patriots become Federalists or
  Anti-Federalists.
• Here we see the emergence of two distinct
  political belief systems.
• Federal v. State Authority

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Revolution in France

• LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY

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Impacts Here at Home

• Events of the FrRev divided most of the US.
• Should US come to the aid of France as they had
  us?
• Are we capable militarily, financially, and
  politically to engage in war?
• And the ever-present threat of.

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The Guillotine

• http//www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/videos
  /guillotineguillotine

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Washingtons Decision

• GW declares the Neutrality Proclamation in 1793
• States that the US is not currently capable of
  intervening in European conflicts.
• Reaction is mixed. Some support France, some
  support Britain.

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Washingtons Farewell Address

• Exhausted after the diplomatic and partisan
  battles of his 2nd term, GW decided to retire.
• He printed his farewell address in newspapers to
  show gratitude towards his countrymen and to warn
  them against certain dangers
• Political parties, permanent alliances, checks
  and balances, and the importance of unity.

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GW Letter Activity

• Divide class into groups of threes.
• Groups are to pick one topic relating to GWs
  political hurdles.
• 1) Whiskey Rebellion
• 2) Creation/Rise of Political Parties
• 3) French Revolution/Neutrality

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GW Letter Activity

• Students will compose a one page, written letter
  to GWs wife Martha who is visiting a relative in
  another state.
• Students will tell Martha about the problems GW
  is experiencing personally and professionally as
  a result of these situations.
• Students will assume the 1st person voice of GW
  when composing the letter. Do not forget to date
  the letter and use appropriate language.
• Brainstorm (5 min)
• Compose (10 min)
• Present (15 min) (if time permits)
• Each group will submit one copy with all 3 names

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Alexander Hamilton

• Secretary of the TREASURY
• Strict Federalist from New York
• Looked out for the interests of the RICH
  trickle-down economics

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When is debt a good thing?

• Hamilton saw the National debt as a positive. He
  even incurred all state debts as well.
• He believed that people to whom the government
  owed would work hard to make the nation a
  success.
• If the Govt fails, you wont get your back.

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Thomas Jefferson

• Virginia plantation owner (Monticello)
• Author of the Declaration of Independence
• Influenced by Locke
• Anti-federalist who did not attend the
  Constitutional Convention.

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Hamilton v. Jefferson

• Hamiltons belief in the creation of a NATIONAL
  BANKING SYSTEM led to the feud with Jefferson
• Jefferson feared that centralizing the nations
  money could eventually lead to tyranny.
• With this, we see the beginnings of permanent
  political parties

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Federalists (Hamilton) vs. Democratic Republicans
(TJ)(pg. 208)

• Wealthy vs. poor
• Urban (coastal) vs. rural (South/country)
• best people vs. Informed masses
• Loose vs. strict interpretation of Constitution
• Federal rights vs. states rights
• Business vs. agriculture
• Restricted vs. unrestricted Free Speech
• England sympathizers vs. French sympathizers

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Jays Treaty (1794)

• England raided and impressed American vessels and
  sailors
• Refused to fully abandon old post (forts) from
  colonial past.
• Supplying Indians with weapons
• Chief Justice John Jay was sent by GW to come to
  agreement
• Hamilton fore-warned the British of American
  attempts at a settlement

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Jays Treaty 1794 (cont)

• Terms Britain would abandon posts and pay for
  economic loss of goods seized, but no promise of
  any future impressments.
• Due to the apparent surrender of America to
  England over these issues, Jefferson and the
  Democratic-Republicans found a rallying-cry
  against the Federalists.

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John Adams

• 2nd President of United States
• Defeated TJ in 1796 election
• Federalist
• One of the most underrated of all Presidents

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Unofficial Fighting with France

• France saw Jays Treaty as America inching closer
  to a formal alliance with Great Britain. France
  began impressments of US ships.
• XYZ AFFAIR (p. 203) Adams sends envoy to France
  to settle dispute. France wants envoy to pay a
  bribe (3 middlemen,250,000) in order to speak
  with French diplomats
• Federalist delighted at the misbehavior of the
  D-Rs French friends

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Adams Puts Patriotism Over Party

• Adams went against fellow Federalists by refusing
  to go to war with France.
• Did not see a need to make himself a war-time
  President.

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Federalist introduce the Alien and Sedition Acts

• Capitalizing on the anti-French frenzy,
  Federalist passed a series of laws known as the
  Alien and Sedition Acts.
• Alien Act targeted recent European
  immigrants most were poor and favored
  Democratic-Republicans increased residence
  requirement from 5 years to 14.

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Alien and Sedition Laws (cont)

• 2nd Alien Law President could deport foreigners
  in time of peace and deport or imprison them in
  time of hostilities.

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Alien and Sedition Act (cont)

• Sedition Act
• Anyone who impeded the policies or the govt or
  falsely defamed its officials (including the
  President) would be liable to a heavy fine and/or
  imprisonment
• Adams was outraged with Adams over his
  Anti-French opinions and vilified him in the
  papers.

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Group Discussion

• In Groups of 3-4, discuss what we learned in
  class today.
• Compose 2 or 3 questions you are not entirely
  clear about.
• When called upon, ask one question to do as a
  group,