Insectivora

1
Insectivora

• Macroscelidea (elephant shrew), Scandentia,(tree
  shrew) Dermoptera (flying lemurs)
• Above are
• some
• examples

2
Insectivores

• Insectivores are considered to be ____________"
  mammals
• Smooth brain______________
• Insectivores are named after their tendency to
  eat __________

3
___________________________
There are 419 species in ________

• Erinaceidae hedgehogs
• Tenrecidae tenrecs and otter shrews.
• Soricidae shrews

• Chrysochloridae golden moles.
• Solenodontidae solenodons.
• Talpidae moles and desmans.

4
Insectivora Morphology

• Generally small.
• Rostrum (_________) tends to be long.
• Fur often consists only of guard hair (modified
  in some forms as _________)
• _______ braincase
• excellent sense of ______ and _____, but have
  poor senses of _______ and _______.

5
Teeth are __________, so do not grow throughout
life.
6
Insectivoras are not Rodents Why_______________
______
7
Insectivora Fossil History

• Earliest insectivores data to the mid-Cretaceous
  (___________)
• Recognizable soricids and talpids date to the
  Eocene (_________).

No Big Changes from ancient to now
Why? ____________________________________
8
Erinaceidae

• 7 genera and 21 species.
• Hedgehogs have __________________.
• Hedgehogs are ___________ and mainly terrestrial,
  or ________________.
• They are omnivorous ___________________________
  ______.

9

10
Erinaceidae

• Spines in hedgehogs are _______ at birth, and
  harden a few weeks after birth.
• In a defensive posture, the animal rolls up in a
  _______, using a __________________.

11
Erinaceidae

• Hedgehogs also ______________ over their spines.
  Interestingly, there are reports of hedgehogs
  killing toads, to produce ______________________
  _.

12
Talpidae ________

• 17 genera and 42 species, distributed throughout
  Europe, the Palaearctic, Asia, Japan, and North
  America.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v4rAk4pE0Vuwsafety_
  modetruepersist_safety_mode1

13
Extreme modification of the ___________ -
including _________ of the fore-feet.
14
Talpidae Desmans

• Eat _______________________ and fish
• Some species have long, laterally
  _____________________.
• Some evidence that they use ________________ to
  locate prey.
• http//www.arkive.org/russian-desman/desmana-mosch
  ata/video-05.html

15
Tenrecidae

• ____________ are found in Madagascar only (this
  is bad news). ______________ found in
  west-central Africa.

16
Tenrecidae

• _____________ (not surprisingly) look a lot like
  otters and are actually quite large.
• Some ________ can hibernate, and most have
  relatively low body temperatures.
• The common _______ has as many as ____ offspring
  in a single litter!

17
Chrysochloridae ____________

• Found in central and ______________.
• They have iridescent fur.
• ___________________.

18
Chrysochloridae Golden Moles

• They push soil w/ the _______, then push soil
  under the _______ with the limbs.
• Claw on ____________ is enlarged.

19
Solenodontidae

• 2 species. 1 restricted to Cuba, the other to
  Haiti and the Dominican Republic (this is not
  good news).Why?___________________
  _____________________________
• Look like a cross between a rat and a shrew.
• Omnivorous.

20
Solenodontidae

• Submaxillary glands produce _____________, which
  flows into the ________________________________.

21
Soricidae Shrews

• 23 genera and 312 species.
• Generally small _________.
• Organized into 2 subfamilies red-toothed
  shrews and the white-toothed shrews.

22
Soricidae

• Smallest shrews are ____________ while largest is
  ____________
• Most have __________.
• 2 forms have webbed feet.
• ____________, pointed rostrum, short dark fur.

23
Soricidae

• Some use __________________ for communication,
  orientation, and prey detection. (Like bats)
• Short lived _____________.
• Often associated w/ moist habitats.
• Some Shrews are _________________.

24
Macroscelidae Elephant shrews (not a real shrew)

• 4 genera and 15 species of elephant shrews.
• Central and eastern _________.
• Insectivores to ______________.
• Can move __________.
• _________, ________, large eyes and long ears.

25
Elephant shrew video
26
Scandentia ________________

• Have long been considered _________..

27
Scandentia Tupaiidae

• Restricted to ________.
• Mostly _________ and omnivorous.
• Not all are _________, and they are not
  ____________.
• Most scent mark.
• Resemble ______________ in general
  __________________.

28
Dermoptera

• These are the ___________ or ________.
• In the past, they have been classified with
  ______, _________, and ____________.

29
Dermoptera

• They weigh up ________, and can glide at up to
  ________ which is very fast for a glider.

30
Use your notes to identify the following groups
Only one from each group (use your reference
page)
4.________

• 1. ______
• 2.______
• 3. _______
• (hint not an elephant shrew)

5. ________
6.________