THE PASSIVE

1
THE PASSIVE all forms

• We use the passive when we want to talk about an
  action but are not interested in saying who or
  what does/did the action. If we mention the agent
  it is introduced by by.

2
The form

• The verb to be in the appropriate tense followed
  by the past participle.
• present simple is held
• present continuous is being held
• present perfect has been held
• past simple was held
• past continuous was being rebuilt
• past perfect had been held
• future will be held
• infinitive is to be held
• gerund avoid being held

3
Some uses of the passive

• When the agent is not known
• She was murdered. (dont know who did it)
• To focus on issues for example in academic and
  scientific English
• Describe rules and procedures
• Describe commercial, industrial and scientific
  processes
• Describe historical, economic and social processes

4
HAVE SOMETHING DONE

• This passive structure is used when you ask or
  pay another person to do something for you
• I took a photo of Westminster Bridge.
• I had my photo taken on the Bridge.
• ( I asked someone to take my photo)
• Have is the main verb in these sentences so it
  changes according to the tense
• Im going to have my hair cut tomorrow.
• I had my car repaired after the accident.

5
It is said, believed

• This formal structure is used especially in news
  reports and on TV with the verbs know, tell,
  understand, report, expect, say and think. It
  makes the information sound more impersonal.
• You can use It is said, believed.. that
  clause It is said that the company may close.
• You can use He, The man, etc (the subject of the
  clause) is said, believed, to infinitive
  (eg to be) or perfect infinitive (eg to have
  been) The man is said to be in his 40s.

6
To have done exercise

• Complete the sentences with the right form of
  have and pp.
• build clean cut paint renew
• repair service
• We . flat next month.
• Your hair looks fantastic! Thanks. I . had it
  cut yesterday.
• My coat is really dirty. I need to .. it
  ..
• You should .. your car ..every 10,000
  kilometres.
• Our fridge is broken. Are you going to buy a new
  one or it ?
• Ill need to .my passport before my next
  holiday.
• Our neighbour is ..a new garage .. built at
  the moment.