Ancient Civilization

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Ancient Civilization

• Egypt

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Egyptian Empire About 1450 B.C.
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Civilization Nile River

• Located in Africa
• Flows North
• The Nile cycle-
• Flood
• plant
• harvest

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Specialized Workers

• Artisans specialized in various jobs, such as
• Bricklayers - Potters
• Blacksmiths - Architects
• Mummifiers
• Doctors

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Job Specialization

• Created great architecture and art
• monumental architecture
• pyramids, ziggurats, big cities
• huge temples and associated structures
• to fill the needs of a god-oriented state
• under the control of the priestly class

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Complex Institutions - Political

• Theocracy
• system in which the ruler is a divine figure.
• - Power was passed from one dynasty to another
  and land remained united.

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Menes

• - united the two regions. He is believed to have
  been the
• 1st pharaoh of Egypt
• start the 1st national government
• 1st Egyptian Dynasty.

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3 different Kingdoms (old, middle and new)

• Old Kingdom 2700- 2200 BCE
• Old Kingdom- 3rd dynasty- pharaohs (Egyptian
  rulers) were believed to be gods.
• Viziers- chief ministers
• Viziers also collected taxes, farming, etc.
• During this time the pyramids (tombs for
  eternity) were built. They believed in life
  after death.

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Sphinx and pyramids
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Middle Kingdom 2050- 1800 BCE

• Middle Kingdom- corruption and rebellions, but
  still was able to dig canals for irrigation

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New Kingdom1550-1100BCE

• New Kingdom- regained power and created a larger
  empire.

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King Tutankhamen

• 18 year old ruler found in 1922, he was a minor
  ruler. What made him so famous was that his tomb
  was found completely intact.
• Tomb found completely intact

http//ambassadors.net/archives/images/King_Tut_fa
ce_tomb.jpg
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Complex Institutions Religion

• Polytheistic - believed divine forces ruled this
  world and the afterlife.
• Amon-Re- chief god, sun god
• Osiris- god of the underworld and the Nile
  (controlled annual floods)
• Isis- goddess taught women skills
• Akhenation- tried to sweep away all gods except
  Aton, he failed. Due to others being afraid to
  abandon their gods.
• Egyptians believed that gods promised eternal
  life after death.

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Book of the Dead

• Test- souls had to pass a test in order to win
  eternal life.
• Book of the Dead- contains, spells, charms for
  dead to use in the afterlife. It was placed in
  the tombs.

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Valley of the Kings

• pharaohs were buried here

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Advanced Cities

• Memphis
• Thebes
• Planned and usually walled cities
• Centers of worship and trade

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Advanced Technology

• Irrigation, levees control of the Nile
• Mummification-preservation of the dead
• Pulleys
• Levers
• Architecture
• Calendar
• Numbers geometry
• Medicine

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Record Keeping

• Papyrus- paper like material, use reed pens and
  ink
• Paper was not invented until AD 100 in China

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Hieroglyphics

• Scribes- kept records on all going- on
• Hieroglyphics- pictograms that depicted objects

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Rosetta Stone
The stone was found written in 3 languages
Hieroglyphics, simple hieroglyphics, and ancient
Greek. The Greek could be translated and allowed
us to translate the hieroglyphics.