Tidal Energy:

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Tidal Energy

• Worldwide distribution
• Cost-effective technology
• Multiple benefits

Tidal Energy should join other clean, renewable
sources of energy, such as solar, wind, biofuels,
and low-head hydro, in receiving official,
international support and funding for its
development.
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The Worldwide Distribution of Tidal Energy
Grey areas in the ocean have the most intense
tidal energy.
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Almost all nations can receive significant
benefits from Tidal/Current/River Energy
Turbines ________________________________________
Applicable wherever water speeds reach above 2
knots All coastal nations with tidal passes or
channels between coral reefs or offshore
islands Tidal energy is extremely reliable runs
every day like clockwork Tidal energy is very
predictable can be accurately calculated a
thousand years from now Strong ocean currents,
for example Gulf Stream Rivers, especially in
hills. Hydro-electric without dams.
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Tidal Energy can be captured efficiently and
inexpensively using the helical turbine
Schematic view of a helical turbine mounted in a
frame
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Features of the helical turbine I

• Basic concept
• designed for hydroelectric applications in
  free-flowing water
• operates in ocean, tidal, and river currents
• does not require expensive dams that can harm the
  environment
• Operation
• self-starting with flow as low as 0.6 m/s
• smooth-running
• rotates in same direction regardless of the
  direction of flow, making it ideal for tidal
  applications

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Features of the helical turbine IIEfficiency
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In testing at the University of Michigan
Hydrodynamic Laboratory
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Multiple benefits from Tidal Energy include

• Electrification of isolated communities
• Power for the grid
• Regrowing coral reefs using mineral accretion
  technology
• Substituting imported petroleum fuel
• Practical examples of the first three benefits
  are given on the pages that follow

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Tidal Energy contact information
Scott D. Anderson, Ph.D. Coordinator The
Tide-Energy Project near the Mouth of the
Amazon 1 [phone] (mobile) sdand_at_bellsouth.
net

• Thomas J. Goreau, Ph.D.
• President
• Global Coral Reef Alliance
• 37 Pleasant Street
• Cambridge MA 02139 USA
• 1 [phone]
• goreau_at_bestweb.net
• http//www.globalcoral.org

Mr. Edward L. Kurth President and General
Counsel GCK Technology, Inc. 607 Bluff Cliff
Drive San Antonio, TX 78216 1 (210)
496-5902 kurth_at_gcktechnology.com Has the
licensing rights to this technology
Prof. Alexander M. Gorlov Chief Technology
Officer GCK Technology, Inc. 607 Bluff Cliff
Drive San Antonio, TX 78216 1 (617)
277-0986 gorlov_at_gcktechnology.com Inventor and
developer of this technology
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The Tide-Energy Project Near the Mouth of the
Amazon

• Applying helical turbine technology at a small
  scale to generate electricity for rural
  communities

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Project goal use Tidal Energy to generate
electricity
We have developed technology that enables rural
residents to meet energy needs in a way that is
economical, decentralized, and environmentally
sound
Tidal Energy clean, renewable, and proven
As we will show, with modern technology there is
no doubt that it is practical, efficient, and
cost-effective to capture Tidal Energy
A requirement decentralized technology
Near the mouth of the Amazon, rural residents are
dispersed and cannot be reached economically by
power lines from central generators. The only
decentralized options available to them now are
solar panels and diesel generation.
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An important breakthrough the helical turbine
Rural artisans with a 6-blade helical turbine The
man at the left is a skilled woodworker, and on
the right, a skilled mechanic. With the aid of
a local metal-working shop, they built the
turbine frame. They then installed the blades
and now operate the turbine.
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Generating equipment I
(c) Automotive alternator
(b) Pulley and belt
(a) 6-blade helical turbine
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Generating equipment II

• Configuration
• The helical turbine rotates on a shaft with a
  pulley that runs an alternator by means of a
  belt.
• The alternator charges batteries, as is usual
  with other intermittent sourcessolar and
  windwhen used off the grid.

• The result accessible technology
• About 90 of a Tide Energy station can be
  built using locally available labor, materials,
  and equipment.
• Only the technically refined helical turbine
  blades are outside components.

• Benefits
• Energy production 120 A-h/day
• Sufficient to meet basic needs of 10
  householdsat World Bank and Brazilian government
  standards for rural, solar electrification
  projects.

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Numbers on Investment

• Energy production 120 A-h/day
• 8 solar panels (75 Wp), installed US 5690
• Tide-Energy generating station US 2800
• Note investment estimated on pre-pilot project
  data.

• The result affordable technology
• Tide-Energy generating station US 2800
• Small diesel-powered boat US 2500-3000

Adopting Tidal Energy technology Thousands of
rural residents in the region now own small,
diesel-powered boats. This technology was
adopted by them over the last twenty-five years
at their own cost, with no outside incentives or
subsidies. If they see Tidal Energy technology to
be to their advantage, we are confident that they
will also adopt it.
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• Numbers on Annual operating costs (120 A-h/day)
• 1000 VA diesel generator US 1397
• Tide-Energy generating station US 824
• Includes fuel, labor,
  maintenance, and depreciation

The result profit and high return For a single
Tide-Energy generating station Annual
Receipts (charging 5 batteries/day) 1750
Costs (labor, maintenance, and depreciation)
824 Profit
US 926 Return on
investment 33 Note cost and receipts estimated
on pre-pilot project data.

• Overall producing energy and jobs
• For a single Tide-Energy generating station
• Investment requires 7½ worker-months of skilled
  and unskilled labor.
• Annual maintenance requires ½ worker-month of
  skilled labor.
• Normal operation requires a ½ time job.

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• Present situation beginning the pilot phase
• Pilot phase activities include
• Operation of the station by local community
  members for a year.
• Close monitoring of the full costs and
  benefits.
• We are seeking funding to carry this out.

For more information The Tide-Energy Project
Near the Mouth of the Amazon Scott Anderson,
Project Coordinator 1 [phone]
(mobile) sdand_at_bellsouth.net
http//globalcoral.org/Tide_Energy_Overview_Englis
h.doc
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Tidal Energy at the Uldolmok Strait, Korea

• Testing of the Gorlov Helical Turbine
• designed and built by
• GCK Technology, Inc.
• conducted by the
• Korea Ocean Research Development Institute
• (KORDI)

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The inventor, Dr. Alexander Gorlov, with a
sub-unit of the Gorlov Helical Turbine (GHT)
during construction of the GHT (1m diameter,
2.5 m length) tested by KORDI in the Uldolmok
Strait.
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The first tidal power generation from a GHT was
on July 10, 2002. The 1 meter GHT turned at
160-180 rpms in a 4 knot current and generated
8-10 kW.
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Features of the Helical Turbine Power increases
8 times when velocity doubles
I Knot 1.69 ft/sec I M/sec 3.28 ft/sec
Source GCK Technology
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Features of the Helical Turbine Installation
Cost dollars/kw
Red high estimate Blue low estimate
Source GCK Technology, Inc.
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GORLOVS CONCEPTUAL DESIGNfor a floating power
station in the Uldolmok Strait

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KORDI ESTIMATES OF TIDAL POWER IN THE JIN-DO
ISLAND AREAUldolmok Strait 470 MWJaing Juk
Strait 1,230 MWMaeng Gol Strait 1,910
MWTOTAL 3,610 MWThis is the equivalent of
3.5 nuclear power plants
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Contact Information
Prof. Alexander M. Gorlov Chief Technology
Officer GCK Technology, Inc. 607 Bluff Cliff
Drive San Antonio, TX 78216 1 (617)
277-0986 gorlov_at_gcktechnology.com
Mr. Edward L. Kurth President and General
Counsel GCK Technology, Inc. 607 Bluff Cliff
Drive San Antonio, TX 78216 1 (210)
496-5902 kurth_at_gcktechnology.com
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BIOROCK TECHNOLOGYThe most cost effective
solution for

• Coral reef restoration
• Fisheries restoration
• Shellfish restoration
• Shore protection
• Mariculture
• Building stone and aggregate
• Protecting reefs from global warming
• Ecotourism

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• On underwater, conductive structures we assemble
  a positively charged anode and a negatively
  charged cathode (structure)
• Apply a low voltage electric current between them
• Safe for swimmers
• Which causes minerals to crystallize from
  seawater onto structures
• Calcium carbonate, white limestone (CaCO3) is
  formed-Similar to natural coral reefs and
  tropical white sand
• Corals adhere to limestone and grow quickly
• Make the only marine structures that get stronger
  with age and are self-repairing

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How a Biorock Reef works
When a positively charged anode and a negatively
charged cathode are suspended in sea water with
an electric current flowing between them, calcium
ions combine with carbonate ions and adhere to
the structure (cathode).The result is calcium
carbonate.Corals adhere to CaCO3 and grow
quickly.
Solar collector or other power supply
Cathode (-)Conductive Structure
Anode ()
(CaCO3)
Coral Fragments
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Biorock corals

• Grow 3-5 times faster
• Heal more than 20 times faster
• Survive high temperatures 16-50 times more
• Have hundreds of times more baby coral settlement
• Attract incredible numbers of fish

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In the Maldives

• Biorock reefs turned severely eroded beaches into
  15 meters growth in two years
• All Biorock corals survived the tsunami undamaged
• Surrounding reefs had massive corals fall and
  table corals break.

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• Corals can survive under lethal conditions
• Reefs can be quickly restored where they cant
  recover naturally
• Fishermen can grow reefs and greatly increase
  fish and shellfish populations and catches,
  becoming farmers instead of hunters
• Breakwaters can be built for a fraction of the
  price of concrete or stone, with vastly greater
  environmental benefits
• Use low voltage direct current that can be
  provided by tidal energy turbines, solar panels,
  windmills, or chargers
• Use as much power as beach lights.

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Global Coral Reef Alliance

• Dr. Thomas J. Goreau
• President
• Global Coral Reef Alliance
• 37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
• Telephone  [phone]
• E-mail goreau_at_bestweb.net
• Web site http//www.globalcoral.org 

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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, STABILIZATION THROUGH
SUPPLY AND DEMAND MEASURES

• United Nations Commission on Sustainable
  Development
• May 1-12 2006
• Thomas J. Goreau, Ph.D.
• Global Coral Reef Alliance
• www.globalcoral.org goreau_at_bestweb.net

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The last time global temperature was 1 degree C
higher than now

• Was 125,000 years ago, and
• Sea level was 7-8 meters higher
• Crocodiles and hippopotamuses lived in London,
  England
• Atmospheric CO2 was 30 lower than it is today

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• If no more coal, oil, and natural gas is
  burned,starting today, climate change will
  eventually greatly exceed that of 125,000 years
  ago
• If continued use of fossil fuels causes runaway
  global warming, sea level rise could exceed 150
  meters

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• Business as usual is a death warrant for coral
  reefs and fisheries, but many more ecosystems
  will follow
• Climate change models greatly underestimate long
  term changes because they miss most of the
  positive feedback mechanisms in the climate
  system, and have too short a time horizon

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• To stabilize the climate system requires reducing
  CO2 sources (supply) and increasing sinks
  (demand)
• Tidal, solar, and biofuel energy can reduce CO2
  emissions
• Large scale reforestation and addition of
  charcoal to soils can increase sinks and increase
  soil fertility and water holding capacity

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The Framework Convention on Climate Change is a
treaty to stabilize greenhouse gases,
temperature, and sea level, but a treaty to
stabilize their rate of increase
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• THIS IS ONLY BECAUSE THEY CAN NOT IMAGINE THAT
  RENEWABLE ENERGY HAS THE CAPACITY TO REPLACE
  FOSSIL FUELS AT COMPETITIVE COST, AND BECAUSE
  THEY IGNORE INCREASED SINKS. SOIL CARBON SINKS
  ARE NOT RECOGNIZED BY THE CDM.

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WE MUST DO BETTER!

• RELIANCE ON FOSSIL FUELS IS A RECIPE FOR
  ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER, A DEATH SENTENCE FOR
  CORAL REEF COUNTRIES, LOW LYING ISLAND STATES,
  AND MANY OTHER ECOSYSTEMS