Universe

1
Universe

• Technical Subgroup on the Movement of Natural
  Persons
• (Paris, 31 January -2 February 2005)

2
Overview

• Why?
• Different alternatives to meet the needs of
• BPM5
• GATS Mode 4
• Points for discussion

3
Why?

• Define the boundaries according to different
  needs
• Identify flows relevant to different types of
  analysis which may be classified in different
  components of BPM5 of 1993 SNA

4
Choice of the universe

• Linked to the objectives of the framework, which
  are
• Measuring the impacts of movement of
  persons/migration
• Measuring the impacts of GATS Mode 4

5
Measuring the impact of migration

• Broad universe
• All residents
• Narrow universe
• Migrants
• HOW TO DEFINE A MIGRANT?

6
Residents

• Pro
• Easy to assess
• Will match the need for the definition of
  remittances migrant and non-migrant - covering
  all household to household transfers
• Cons
• Too broad for practical purpose still may need to
  look only at migrants

7
Migrants

• Migrants are defined in BPM5 and migration
  statistics (broadly speaking) as persons who live
  of have intention to live in the country for more
  than a year
• No mention of when a migrant ceases to be a
  migrant.
• Possible criteria to define a migrant are
• Not being a citizen
• Being born abroad
• Staying in the country for a certain number of
  years

8
Universe - Non-citizens

• Pro
• Easy to assess
• Clear-cut criterion based on law
• Cons
• Becoming a citizen does not imply weaker ties
  with the country of origin
• May not be a relevant criterion for certain
  countries

9
Universe Foreign born

• Pro
• Easy to assess
• Cons
• May not be relevant especially with increased
  globalization
• Cross tabulating country of citizenship with
  country of birth may provide useful info

10
Universe Length of stay

• Pro
• Uniform application across countries (e.g. after
  X year a person ceases to be a migrant)
• Cons
• Difficult to assess
• May not entitle to acquisition of any legal
  rights (e.g. illegal immigrants, may still be in
  a country on a temporary visa, etc.)

11
Universe GATS Mode 4

• Sub-universe of the universe of the framework
• How to slice it?
• Eliminate all citizens
• Eliminate all permanent residents
• Further slice on the basis of
• Type of contract
• Industry where the Mode 4 person works
• Occupational categories

12
Points for discussion

• Does the TSG agree with the choice of all
  residents as the universe for the statistical
  framework?
• Or should the universe be limited to migrants?
• Which criterion to define a migrant would the TSG
  prefer?
• Does the TSG think that a definition of migrant
  is needed? If yes, does the TSG agree with the
  following definition
• Persons who have become residents of a country
  by virtue of being expected to live there for a
  year or more, until they either become citizens
  or are born in the country, at which point the
  cease to be migrants.
• Does the TSG agree with defining the Mode 4
  universe as a sub-universe of the framework
  universe, sliced according to selected variables?
  Which variables?